Investigation the planting dates of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) as a second crop in terms of agro-physiological characteristics in the climatic conditions of Kermanshah

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

2 PhD graduated of Agronomy, Razi University

Abstract

Introduction: Quinoa is a semi-cereal native to the Andes region of South America. Quinoa can be cultivated in many parts of the world as a new alternative crop due to its high nutritional properties and compatibility to the environment. Choosing the appropriate planting date is known as one of the most important agricultural programs to achieve optimal yield in crops. In the temperate regions of Iran, after the harvest of winter cereals such as wheat and barley, crops are usually not cultivated in the arable land until autumn. Therefore, selecting plants as a second crop can increase the farmer's income. In Iran, not much research has been done about the proper planting date of quinoa as a second crop. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the suitable sowing date for quinoa as a second crop in the climatic conditions of Kermanshah.
Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farm of the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah Iran, in 2018. The experimental treatments (sowing date) included 9th, 16th, 23rd, and 30th of July. In this research, some agronomic and physiological traits were recorded. Analysis of variance was done with SAS software and means were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) test.
Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed that the effect of planting date on plant height, number of secondary branches, number of panicles, number of seeds per panicle, panicle length, number of days to flowering, 1000 grains weight, grain and biological yields, harvest index, soluble carbohydrates, proline content, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b concentrations were significant. The mean comparison test showed that the delay in the planting caused a significant decrease in the investigated traits of the quinoa plant. The highest and lowest amounts of these traits (except for soluble carbohydrates and chlorophyll b concentration) were obtained on the planting dates of the 9th and 30th of July, respectively. For example, the highest grain yield (2260.40 kg ha-1) was related to the planting date of 9th July, which, compared to the lowest grain yield (1331.40 kg ha-1) obtained on the planting date of 30th of July, increased by about 70%. According to the results of the correlation analysis, plant height, number of lateral branches and biological yield had the highest positive correlation with grain yield, respectively. In addition, path analysis showed that the number of panicles per plant and the number of grains per panicle had the highest direct effect, and the number of lateral branches had the highest indirect effect on quinoa grain yield.
Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed that different sowing dates significantly affected the grain yield and yield components of quinoa. All investigated traits decreased significantly with the reduction of the growth period length. The grain yield of the quinoa can be improved by choosing the appropriate sowing date due to the proper use of environmental resources (light, temperature, etc.).

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References

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