Changes in proline and fructan concentration in leaves of bread wheat cultivars under the occurrence of cold stress at the beginning of the reproductive growth stage

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Wheat is the third most important grain in the world after rice and maize.  Proline and fructan are especially important for cold stress tolerance. Different wheat cultivars produce different levels of fructan and proline in response to cold stress. In this regard, this research was conducted to identify cold-resistant cultivars by examining the production concentration of fructan and proline during cold stress.
Materials and methods: In the present study, the amount of osmolites; proline and fructan were investigated in 70 bread wheat genotypes. For this purpose, cultivars were cultivated in a completely random design with three replications in the greenhouse. Cultivars in the reproductive stage (Zadox code 48-60) were treated with +8 °C -2 °C temperatures. To apply temperature treatments, the temperature was gradually decreased by 2 °C every hour from 24 °C to the desired temperature, then the plants were stopped at that temperature level for 2 hours and after applying the temperature treatment, the temperature was increased to 24 °C. Then, after 24 hours, sampling was done. Proline and fructan concentrations in the leaves of 70 cultivars were measured by Carillo and Gibon (2011) and Jermyn (1956) methods, respectively.
Results: Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes and temperature levels for proline and fructan content in the leaves. Also, the interaction effect of cultivar × temperature was significant in the case of both studied traits. The significance of the interaction effect shows that the reaction of genotypes is not the same from one temperature level to another. In the following, slicing of the interaction effect was done for the studied traits and based on separate mean comparison results, the highest and lowest values of the traits at each temperature level were determined. At the temperature levels of +8°C and -2°C, the highest amount of proline was observed in Golden and Gombad 2 cultivars, respectively, and the lowest amount of proline at the mentioned temperature level was observed in Tirgan and Shiroudi cultivars, respectively. At the temperature levels of +8°C and -2°C, the highest amount of fructan was observed in Azadi and Shahpasand cultivars, respectively, and the lowest amount of fructan at the same temperature level was observed in Brat and Dez cultivars, respectively. Based on the results, no regular changes were observed for the amount of fructan in the 70 cultivars studied.
Conclusion: The results of this research showed the different reactions of wheat cultivars in terms of the studied traits in each of the temperature levels. This variability can be used in the breeding programs to produce cold-resistant cultivars.

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References

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