Evaluation of the physiological characteristics of recombinant inbred lines of durum wheat under rainfed conditions

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

2 Cereal Research Center, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

3 Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Sararood Campus, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.

4 Department of Soil Science, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is the second most important species of wheat and the tenth most important agricultural crop in the world. Pasta made from this type of wheat is utilized as a staple food in many countries worldwide. Additionally, durum wheat is more compatible with dry conditions in Mediterranean regions than bread wheat. On the other hand, performance alone is not a suitable indicator for adaptability and drought tolerance due to its low heritability. Therefore, attention to other aspects of drought tolerance, such as physiological characteristics, is important due to their cost-effectiveness and ability to select genetic materials in the early stages of plant growth.
Materials and methods: In this study, the grain yield and some physiological traits in 154 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) obtained from the cross between the local cultivar of Zardak with Kermanshah origin and the G1252 variety with Turkish origin along with their parents were evaluated using alpha lattice design in two replications under rainfed conditions during 2020-2021. Also, Genetic parameters were calculated for the studied traits.
Results: The results of this study showed a significant difference among the RILs for all studied traits, except for water saturation deficit. Lines ZG-110, ZG-090 and ZG-060, exhibited the highest flag leaf width, flag leaf length and flag leaf area, respectively. Overall, ZG-150 and ZG-126 lines were the superior lines in terms of leaf relative water content among the studied RILs. The highest grain yield belonged to ZG-118 and ZG-102 lines. The highest broad-sense heritability values were observed for flag leaf width and relative water loss (85%), grain yield (63%) and excised leaf water retention (41%), respectively. The grain yield exhibited a positive and significant correlation with excised leaf water retention and a negative and significant correlation with excised leaf water loss. Cluster analysis grouped the RILs into three different groups, and the third group included the RILs with the highest desirable traits in terms of leaf water content. The analysis of the principal components showed that the first two components explained 59.96% of the total variance. Also, the RILs with low first component and high second component values had more water retention power in the leaf.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated genetic differences among the RILs for traits related to flag leaf, physiological traits related to leaf water content and grain yield under rainfed conditions. The existing differences indicate the presence of genetic diversity and also provide the opportunity to select superior RILs. On the other hand, high heritability and genetic advance were observed for traits such as flag leaf width, flag leaf area, the percentage of lost water in the leaf and grain yield, indicating the potential impact of additive genes.

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References

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Cereal Biotechnology and Biochemistry
Volume 3, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
December 2024
Pages 545-562

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