Evaluation of drought tolerance of durum wheat genotypes at germination stage in in vitro conditions

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

2 Cereal Research Center, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

3 Horticulture Crops Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.

4 Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Sararood Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Drought stress is one of the most important factors causing disturbances in the growth and development of plants, especially in the germination stage in arid and semi-arid regions. Germination is a sensitive stage of the wheat growth period, which is usually affected by drought stress. Among the crops, wheat has the largest cultivated area and is the most important grain globally. Wheat is the main source of protein and carbohydrates. Almost half of Iran's agricultural land is devoted to wheat cultivation. Durum wheat is the second most important agricultural type of wheat and the tenth most important agricultural product in the world, accounting for about 10% of the world's wheat cultivation area.
Materials and methods: In this study, the germination characteristics and responses of durum wheat genotypes to drought stress were evaluated under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, the germination and growth of seedlings from 20 durum wheat genotypes were tested under moisture stress conditions at three dry levels (zero as a control, -0.4 MPa, and -0.8 MPa) using a polyethylene glycol 6000 solution. The experiment was conducted as a factorial design in a completely randomized design with three replications. The studied traits include germination percentage, speed of germination, seed vigor index, rootlet length, shootlet length, and dry weight of rootlets and shootlets.
Results: The analysis of variance results showed a significant difference between genotypes, water potential (drought stress), and their interaction for all investigated traits. Additionally, with the decrease in water potential, the values of most traits also decreased. The results of correlation analysis showed a very high correlation between speed of germination and germination percentage (1**), as well as shootlet dry weight and shootlet length (0.78**). Among the assessed traits, shootlet length showed the greatest sensitivity to changes in water potential. In general, among the investigated genotypes, Genotypes No. 18 and 20 were identified as drought stress-tolerant, while Genotypes No. 2 and 5 were recognized as drought stress-sensitive.
Conclusion: The obtained results showed that the use of polyethylene glycol significantly reduces the percentage of germination and growth of durum wheat seedlings. The remarkable point was the increase in the length of the rootlet in some genotypes with increasing stress levels, which highlights the importance of rootlet length in dry conditions. It was also observed that with an increase in stress, the percentage of final germination and the speed of germination decreased. In general, the presence of significant genetic diversity among genotypes in terms of drought tolerance made it possible to select superior genotypes.

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References

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