Selection of Superior Bread Wheat Genotypes Based on Agronomic Traits under Rain-fed Conditions

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

2 Cereal Research Center, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Bread wheat is one of the most important and strategic food crops worldwide, with significant economic and political implications. Among abiotic stresses, water deficit is considered one of the most critical factors, and drought is a widespread challenge that seriously affects wheat production, particularly in rain-fed areas. Given the substantial extent of rain-fed wheat cultivation in the country, selecting effective breeding strategies and employing appropriate criteria to identify drought-tolerant genotypes is particularly important. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to identify superior wheat genotypes under rain-fed conditions.
Materials and methods: In this research, 25 bread wheat genotypes, including two cultivars Pishtaz and Pishgam (as control) and 23 wheat genotypes prepared from Seed and Plant Institute, Karaj, were evaluated at the Research Farm of Razi University, Kermanshah using randomized complete block designs with three replications during 2019 – 2020, 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 cropping years. In this research, yield and its components including thousand grain weight, the number of grains per spike and the number of spikes per m2 were measured.
Results: The results of the combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of year was significant for thousand grain weight, number of grain per spike, and number of spike per m2. Also, there was a significant difference between genotypes in terms of yield, thousand grain weight, the number of grain per spike and the number of spike per square meters. The interaction of year and genotype was not significant for the traits. Thousand grain weight and the number of spike per m2 had the most direct effect on grain yield. Based on cluster analysis, the genotypes were grouped into two distinct categories. Genotypes 1, 2, 4, and 18 were placed in one group, and the remaining genotypes were located in the second group. According to the traits measured in this study, the mentioned genotypes exhibited high grain yield and yield components under rain-fed conditions, indicating their suitability for cultivation in rain-fed areas. Moreover, the second group exhibited lower grain yield compared to the first group, suggesting that the genotypes in this group had lower adaptability and tolerance to drought stress than those in the first group.
Conclusion: Based on the combined results of the three-year field evaluation, genotypes 1, 2, and 4 exhibited high grain yields under rain-fed conditions and showed high and acceptable thousand-grain weights. Moreover, these genotypes were superior to the two check cultivars in terms of grain yield and yield components

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References

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