Activity of antioxidant enzymes in rice genotypes under blast pathogen sporulation

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

3 Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Research Department, Zanjan Agricultural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Zanjan, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary food source for more than half of the world's population. Among the various biological stresses, the blast pathogen is recognized as the most destructive for rice, significantly reducing its yield. The extent of its damage depends on various environmental factors, leading to a 10-30% loss in global rice yield. Under stress, plants experience increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing cellular damage and potentially death. Plants utilize enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems to mitigate ROS levels during stress.  Investigating the responses of different genotypes in terms of antioxidant enzyme levels and changes can help identify disease-resistant varieties. This research was designed based on this premise.
Materials and methods: to investigate the changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes during blast pathogen sporulation in rice genotypes in different sampling times, the present research was conducted in 2022 in the greenhouse of the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan. The experimental plant materials were 19 rice genotypes, including 13 recombinant inbred lines selected from an F11 population derived from the crossing of Shahpasand and IR28 varieties, which, together with the parents of a population and Dorfak, Sadri and Hashemi varieties along with an aerobic rice genotype IR 82639-B-B- 1-140 (18A) were evaluated.
Results: The analysis of variance showed that blast pathogen spore had a significant effect on the activity of enzymes and photosynthetic pigments. The mean comparison results indicated the increase in the activity of peroxidase and catalase enzymes in most of the studied genotypes under stress induced by blast pathogen sporulation. The highest peroxidase and catalase activities were observed in IR28, with 81.46 and 433.74 units/mg of protein per minute, respectively, before stress. Also, the stress in different sampling times in most blast-resistant and semi-resistant genotypes increased the activity of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme. While blast disease sensitive genotypes showed different behaviors from each other. Before stress, the highest phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was in line L132 (2658.64 units/mg protein. min). In resistant genotypes, stress decreased superoxide dismutase activity, while semi-resistant genotypes showed varied responses and sensitive genotypes exhibited increased enzyme activity at different sampling times than before stress. Furthermore, stress containing blast pathogen spores reduced the content of photosynthetic pigments in resistant, semi-resistant, and sensitive genotypes.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the stress induced by blast pathogen sporulation activated the antioxidant system in the studied rice genotypes. While the activities of peroxidase and catalase enzymes increased in most genotypes, the changes in enzyme activities varied across different genotypes and sampling times. This suggests complex and diverse mechanisms by which rice genotypes respond to blast pathogen.

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References

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Cereal Biotechnology and Biochemistry
Volume 3, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
September 2024
Pages 376-395

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