اثر تنش خشکی بر برخی ویژگی‌های بذر دو رقم گندم نان با دو کیفیت متفاوت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه الزهرا، ونک، تهران، ایران

2 گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه الزهرا، ونک، تهران، ایران.

3 گروه بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، پژوهشکده زیست فناوری کشاورزی/ پژوهشگاه ملی مهندسی ژنتیک، تهران، ایران.

4 گروه بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، پژوهشکده زیست فناوری کشاورزی، پژوهشگاه ملی مهندسی ژنتیک، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: تنش در نتیجه فرآیندهای غیرعادی است که تحت تأثیر یک یا ترکیبی از عوامل محیطی و زیستی شکل می‌گیرد. گیاهان به طور طبیعی تحت تأثیر طیف وسیعی از تنش‎های زنده و غیرزنده قرار دارند. مواجه با تنش در طول دوره رویشی به طور غیر مستقیم روی کشت و تولید ناخالص گیاه تأثیرگذار است. تقریباً نیمی از کل نیازهای غذایی انسان‎ها به‎ویژه در آسیا به‎طور مستقیم از غلات تأمین می‎شود. بیش از یک‎سوم جمعیت جهان، کالری و پروتئین مورد نیاز روزانه خود را از فرآورده‎های گندم، که یک منبع ارزان انرژی به خصوص برای مردم جهان سوم محسوب می‎شود، تأمین می‎کنند. نشاسته مهمترین محصول نهایی رشد و نمو گندم می‎باشد که تغییر در محتوای آن، شاخص انواع فرآیندهای رشد گیاه است. ترکیب نشاسته در گندم تأثیر تعیین کننده‎ای بر کیفیت دانه، فرآوری آرد و عملکرد دارد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش دو رقم گندم نان به نام‎های نوید با کیفیت نانوایی متوسط تا ضعیف و پیشتاز با کیفیت نانوایی بالا انتخاب شدند. دو رقم گندم به صورت مزرعه‎ای کشت شدند. هر دو رقم دارای شاهد و تیمار تنش خشکی بودند. طرح در قالب بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. سی‏وپنج روز بعد از گرده افشانی، بذرها برداشت شد. سنجش پارامترهای مورفولوژی، درصد جوانه‎زنی، جداسازی گرانول‌هایA ، B،C  و بررسی گرانول‎ها توسط میکروسکوپ نوری صورت گرفت.
یافته‌ها: خشکی باعث کاهش معنی‌دار وزن هزار دانه در هر دو رقم پیشتاز و نوید شد، اما برای صفت طول سنبله و درصد جوانه‎زنی، تنها در رقم نوید که کیفیت نانوایی ضعیفی داشت باعث کاهش معنی‏دار طول سنبله در سطح احتمال یک درصد شد. از طرفی تنش خشکی در هر دو رقم روی مقدار نشاسته در سطح احتمال یک درصد تأثیر معنی‎داری نداشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: تنش خشکی باعث کاهش معنی‌دار وزن هزار دانه در هر دو رقم گندم با کیفیت‌های متفاوت شد، اما بر مقدار نشاسته روی هیچکدام از ارقام اثری نداشت. درصورتی که روی صفت طول سنبله و درصد جوانه‎‏زنی باعث کاهش در رقم با کیفیت ضعیف شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of drought stress on some seed characteristics of two bread wheat cultivars with two different qualities

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahil Golfam 1
  • Khadijeh Kiarostami 2
  • Tahmineh Lohrasebi 3
  • Shabnam Hasrak 4
  • Khadijeh Razavi 4
1 Department of Plant Physiology Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Plant Physiology Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
4 Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Stress is the result of abnormal processes that are formed under the influence of one or a combination of environmental and biological factors. Plants are naturally affected by a wide range of living and non-living stresses. Exposure to stress during the growing season indirectly affects the crop and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Almost half of all human food needs, especially in Asia, are met directly from cereals. More than a third of the world's population gets their daily calories and protein from wheat products, and It is a cheap source of energy, especially for the people of the Third World. Starch is the most important final product of wheat growth and development, and changes in starch content are indicative of a variety of plant growth processes.
Materials and methods: In this study, two bread wheat cultivars named Navid with medium to poor bakery quality and Pishtaz with high bakery quality were selected. Two wheat cultivars were cultivated in the field. Both cultivars had control and drought stress treatment. The design was performed in the form of randomized complete blocks with three replications. Seeds were harvested 35 days after pollination. Morphological parameters, germination percentage, A, B and C granules were separated and the granules were examined by light microscopy. The composition of starch in wheat has a decisive effect on grain quality, flour processing and yield.
Results: Drought caused a significant reduction in thousand seed weight in both Pishtaz and Navid cultivars. However, for spike length and germination percentage, only in Navid cultivar, which had poor bakery quality, the spike length was significantly reduced at the probability level of 1%. Also, drought stress in both cultivars had no significant effect on the amount of starch at the probability level of 1%.
Conclusion: Drought stress caused a significant reduction in thousand seed weight in both wheat cultivars with different qualities, but it did not affect the amount of starch in any of the cultivars. In contrast, the trait of spike length and germination percentage caused a decrease in poor quality cultivars.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cereals
  • Granules
  • Wheat starch
  • Thousand Seed weight

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