ارزیابی پارامترهای ژنتیکی برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی دانه در ژنوتیپ‌های جو وحشی و زراعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده عاوم ومهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: جو یکی از مهم­ترین غلات زراعی است که در بسیاری از مناطق جفرافیایی کشت و به‌طور عمده در تغذیه دام و طیور و صنعت تولید مالت استفاده می­شود. برخی ویژگی­های فیزیکی و بیوشیمیایی دانه بر کمیت و کیفیت دانه، مالت تولیدی و خواص تغذیه­ای آن بسیار مؤثر هستند.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش تعداد هفت رقم جو زراعی ایرانی و اروپایی (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare) و دو ژنوتیپ جو وحشی (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (K. Koch)) از نظر برخی خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی دانه شامل درصد رطوبت، خاکستر، چربی و فیبر خام، محتوای آهن، روی، پروتئین و قند محلول دانه، طول، عرض و ضخامت و وزن هزار دانه بررسی شدند.
یافته‌ها: براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، ژنوتیپ­ها از نظر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی به غیر از درصد رطوبت و درصد قند محلول با هم تفاوت معنی­دار داشته و ژنوتیپ‌های وحشی برای بیشتر صفات میانگین بالاتری را نشان دادند. تجزیه خوشه‌ای ژنوتیپ­ها را به سه گروه تفکیک نمود. کمترین و بیشترین مقدار ضریب تغییرات ژنتیکی برای درصد رطوبت و محتوای آهن و کمترین و بیشترین مقدار ضریب تغییرات فنوتیپی و محیطی برای ضخامت دانه و محتوای آهن دانه بدست آمد. میزان وراثت­پذیری عمومی برای درصد خاکستر، طول، عرض، ضخامت و وزن هزار دانه بالا برآورد شد و درصد خاکستر و وزن هزار دانه از درصد پیشرفت ژنتیکی بر میانگین بالاتری هم برخوردار بودند. ضریب تغییرات فنوتیپی همه صفات بیشتر از ضریب تغییرات ژنتیکی بود. تفاوت اندک بین ضریب تغییرات فنوتیپی و ژنوتیپی برای طول، عرض، ضخامت و وزن هزار­دانه نشان­دهنده تأثیر بیشتر عوامل ژنتیکی بر کنترل این صفات است. از طرف دیگر ضریب همبستگی ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی برخی صفات معنی­دار بود که حاکی از امکان به­نژادی همزمان دو صفت دارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده و تفاوت قابل ملاحظه از نظر صفات فیزیکوشیمیایی انتخاب یک ژنوتیپ وحشی و یک رقم زراعی با فاصله ژنتیکی مناسب براساس درصد خاکستر، محتوای آهن و روی، پروتئین دانه و وزن هزار دانه بالا برای ایجاد جمعیت در حال تفرق، مناسب تشخیص داده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Evaluation of genetic parameters of some grain physicochemical characteristics in wild and cultivated barley genotypes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elahe Saroei
  • Abdollah Najaphy
  • Kianoosh Cheghamirza
  • Leila Zarei
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Barley is one of the most important crops that is cultivated in many areas and is mainly used in livestock and poultry feed and malt production industry. Some physical and biochemical properties of grain are very effective on the quantity and quality of the grain, malt production, and its nutritional properties.
Materials and methods: In this study, seven Iranian and European barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare subsp. Vulgare) and two wild barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare subsp. Spontaneum (K. Koch)) were studied for some physicochemical characteristics of the grain.
Results: Based on the results, genotypes were significantly different for all studied traits except moisture content and percentage of soluble sugar, and wild genotypes showed a higher mean for most traits. Cluster analysis divided the genotypes into three groups. The lowest and highest values of genetic variation coefficient were obtained for moisture content and iron content, and the lowest and highest values of phenotypic and environmental variation coefficients were recorded for grain thickness and grain iron content, respectively. Broad-sense heritability was estimated to be high for ash percentage, grain length, width and thickness, and thousand kernel weight. Ash percentage and thousand kernel weight had a higher percentage of mean genetic advance. The coefficient of phenotypic variation of all traits was higher than the coefficient of genetic variation. The small difference between the coefficient of phenotypic and genotypic variations for length, width, thickness, and weight of thousand kernel weight indicates the greater influence of genetic factors on the control of these traits. On the other hand, the genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients of some traits were significant, which indicates the possibility of simultaneous breeding of the two traits.
Conclusion: According to the results and the significant differences in physicochemical characteristics, the selection of a wild genotype and a cultivated variety with a suitable genetic distance based on ash percentage, iron and zinc content, grain protein and high thousand kernel weight was found to be suitable for creating a segregating population.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain protein
  • heritability
  • Hordeum vulgare
  • wild barley
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