بررسی ارتباط صفات زراعی با عناصر معدنی دانه در سه ژنوتیپ‌ کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) تحت تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، ، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه ، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

چکیده

مقدمه: کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) یک شبه غله دو لپه­ای است که به خانواده Amaranthaceae تعلق دارد. کینوا گیاهی بسیار مقاوم به­شرایط نامطلوب محیطی است که در برابر تنش­های زنده و غیرزنده مقاومت بالایی را از خود نشان می‌دهد. بذر­ کینوا دارای ارزش غذایی بالاتری نسبت به بسیاری از دانه­های غلات بوده و حاوی پروتئین با کیفیت بالاتر و مقادیر زیادی از کربوهیدرات­ها، چربی، ویتامین­ها و مواد معدنی است که هم در غذای انسان و هم برای تغذیه حیوانات استفاده می‌شود. سازگاری بالای این محصول با شرایط مختلف آب و هوایی، باعث افزایش عملکرد انواع مختلف آن در کشورهای خارج از آمریکای جنوبی شده است. وجود ترکیبات مغذی دانه کینوا از جمله ترکیب اسید آمینه، مواد معدنی و ویتامین­ها سبب شده است، تحقیقات بیشتری در خصوص ویژگی­های آن انجام شود.
مواد و روش­ها: این آزمایش با هدف بررسی صفات زراعی (شامل ارتفاع بوته، طول خوشه، تعداد دانه در بوته، عملکرد بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت) و عناصر معدنی دانه کینوا (شامل روی، آهن، منگنز، سدیم، کلیسم، پتاسیم و فسفر) به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه در سال زراعی 1397 - 1398 اجرا شد. در این آزمایش، تاریخ کاشت (15 اسفند، 15 فروردین و 15 اردیبهشت) به­عنوان کرت اصلی، تراکم بوته (40 و 60 بوته در متر مربع) و ژنوتیپ­های (Q29، Titicaca و Red Carina) به­عنوان عامل‌های اول و دوم در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که عملکرد دانه در تاریخ کاشت فروردین (5/2297 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از تاریخ کاشت اسفند (5/1484 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و اردیبهشت (7/2137 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. تأثیر تیمارهای مورد مطالعه بر عناصر معدنی دانه کینوا غیر معنی‌دار بود. مقایسه میانگین برای تراکم بوته نشان داد که تراکم 60 بوته در متر مربع در مقایسه با تراکم 40 بوته در متر مربع از عملکرد دانه بیشتری برخوردار بود. نتایج تجزیه همبستگی کانونیک نشان داد که معنی‌دار شدن آماره ویلکس لمدا (Wilk's lambda) در سطح احتمال پنج درصد در ارتباط با تابع اول، حاکی از وجود همبستگی معنی‌دار بین دو گروه صفات مورد مطالعه است.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این ارزیابی نشان داد که در بین عناصر معدنی دانه، روی (Zn) و فسفر (P) بیشترین همبستگی با تابع کانونی مربوطه را داشتند. از بین صفات زراعی، بیشترین همبستگی بین صفات وزن هزار دانه و طول خوشه با تابع کانونی اول بود. ازین‎رو، می‌توان از گیاهان دارای مقادیر بالاتر دو صفت وزن هزار دانه و طول خوشه، برای گزینش دانه‌های با مقدار روی و فسفر بالاتر استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study the relationship between agronomical traits and mineral elements of grain in three genotypes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) under effect of planting date and planting density

نویسندگان [English]

  • Barakatullah Rabbani, 1
  • Mahmud Khoramivafa 2
  • Mohsen Saeidi 2
  • Mahmoud Bagheri 3
  • Leila Zarei 2
1 Ph.D. Student in Agronomy, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agriculture Research Education and Extension (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) a member of the Amaranthaceae family is a dicotyledon pseudocereal. Quinoa is a plant that is very resistant to unfavorable environmental conditions and shows high resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Quinoa seeds have a higher nutritional value than many cereal grains and contain higher quality protein and large amounts of carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, and minerals, which are used both in human food and for feeding animals. The high adaptability of this product to different weather conditions has increased the yield of its various types in countries outside of South America. The existence of nutritious compounds in quinoa seeds, including the combination of amino acids, minerals, and vitamins, has led to more research on the properties of this plant.
Materials and methods: The field experiment was conducted to study the relationship between agronomic traits (including plant height, panicle length, number of seeds per plant, plant yield, thousand seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, and harvest index) and mineral elements of quinoa seeds (including Zn, Fe, Mn, Na, Ca, K, and P). The experiment was conducted in the 2018-2019 growing season at the faculty of agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah with a randomized complete blocks design as a split-plot factorial with three replications. The experimental treatments included three planting dates (March 15, April 15, and May 15) as the main factor and the combination of planting densities (40 and 60 plants/m2) with genotypes (Q29, Titicaca, and Red Carina) as subplot factor.
Results: The results of the experiment showed that the seed yield (2297.5 kg/ha) on the sowing date of April was significantly higher than March and May (1484.5 and 2137.7 kg/ha) sowing dates, respectively. The effect of the studied treatments on the mineral elements of quinoa seed was insignificant. The mean comparison for plant density showed that the density of 60 plants/m2 had a higher seed yield than the density of 40 plants/m2. The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that Wilk's lambda statistic was significant at a 5% probability level in the case of the first function, indicating the existence of a significant correlation between the two groups of the studied traits.
Conclusion: The results of this evaluation showed that zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) had the highest correlation with the corresponding focal function among the mineral elements. Among the agronomical traits, the highest correlation was between the traits of 1000 seed weight and panicle length with the first focal function. Therefore, the plants with higher values of 1000 seeds weight and panicle length, can be used to select seeds with higher amounts of zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canonical correlation
  • Sowing date
  • mineral elements
  • quinoa

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