پیش‌بینی پاسخ به کشت جنین بالغ گندم دوروم از طریق صفات زراعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 مرکز تحقیقات غلات، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: تکثیر درون شیشه‌ای از مزایا و پتانسیل‌های زیادی برخوردار می‌باشد که از مهم‌ترین آنها، می‌توان به تکثیر گیاهان یکنواخت و عاری از پاتوژن در یک زمان کوتاه و در مقیاس بسیار وسیع اشاره کرد. انتخاب ریزنمونه در مرحله رشد مطلوب نقش اساسی در موفقیت آمیز بودن کشت بافت در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای بازی می‌کند. تکثیر مؤثر گیاهان با کشت بافت می‌تواند به کلون‌سازی ژنوتیپ‌های مطلوب کمک کند و در کوتاه مدت برای تکثیر تجاری ژنوتیپ‌ها استفاده شود. تولید کالوس از طریق کشت جنین بالغ امکان باززایی مؤثری را برای بسیاری از گیاهان در شرایط کشت بافت فراهم می‌کند. انتخاب بر اساس صفات زراعی می‌تواند به‌عنوان روشی مناسب برای پیش‌بینی نتایج کشت بافت که یک روش پر هزینه و زمان‌بر است مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر در راستای بررسی ارتباط صفات زراعی گندم دوروم با ویژگی‌های مرتبط با القا و رشد کالوس حاصل از جنین بالغ انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور ارزیابی صفات زراعی، 20 ژنوتیپ گندم دوروم شامل 19 لاین پیشرفته و رقم زردک در دو سال زراعی متوالی (1384-1385 و 1386-1385) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار کشت شدند. پاسخ به کشت جنین بالغ ژنوتیپ های مذکور در مرحله القاء کالوسدر قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هفت تکرار انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: جدول تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که بین ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه از نظر درصد القای کالوس و سرعت نسبی رشد کالوس اختلاف بسیار معنی‌دار بود. جدول تجزیه واریانس مرکب برای صفات زراعی اندازه‌گیری شده بر روی 20 ژنوتیپ گندم دوروم نشان داد که بین ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه از نظر صفات اندازه‌گیری شده اختلاف بسیار معنی‌دار وجود داشت. نتایج تجزیه علیت نشان داد که صفات طول پدانکل، تعداد دانه در سنبله و تعداد سنبله در بوته بیشترین اثر مستقیم و مثبت، ارتفاع و طول پدانکل به ارتفاع بیشترین اثر مستقیم منفی و طول سنبله کمترین اثر مستقیم را بر درصد القای کالوس داشتند. همچنین صفات طول پدانکل به ارتفاع و تراکم سنبله بیشترین اثر مستقیم مثبت و طول پدانکل و عملکرد دانه بیشترین اثر مستقیم و منفی و تعداد سنبله در بوته کمترین اثر مستقیم را بر روی سرعت نسبی رشد کالوس نشان دادند. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه کانونیک گیاهانی که تعداد دانه در سنبله بیشتری داشتند (ژنوتیپ‌های با کد 11، 12، 14 و 20) از درصد القاء کالوس و سرعت رشد نسبی کالوس بالاتری هم برخوردار هستند. با این وجود نتایج آزمون منتل حاکی از عدم  همبستگی معنی‌دار بین ماتریس‌های تشابه به‌دست آمده از داده‌های کشت بافتی و زراعی بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: این نتایج می‌تواند بر کنترل ژنتیکی و امکان غربال مستقیم ارقام دارای صفات کشت بافتی مناسب از طریق این صفات زراعی که انتخاب آن‌ها ساده و سریع است، دلالت داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Predicting response to mature embryo culture of durum wheat via agronomic traits

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sina Ghanbari 1
  • kianoosh cheghamirza 1 2
  • Leila Zarei 1 2
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.|Cereal Research Center, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The tissue culture technique and in vitro propagation have many advantages and potentials compared to the classical methods of vegetative propagation of plants, the most important of which is the propagation of uniform and pathogen-free plants in a short time and on a large scale. Choosing an explant at the optimal growth stage plays a key role in the success of tissue culture in vitro. Effective propagation of plants by tissue culture can help to clone desirable genotypes and be used for commercial propagation of genotypes in the short term. Callus production through mature embryo culture allows many plants to regenerate effectively in tissue culture conditions. Selection based on an agronomic trait can be used as a suitable method to predict tissue culture results, which is costly and time-consuming.
Materials and methods: To evaluate agricultural traits, 20 durum wheat genotypes, including 19 advanced lines and the Zardak variety, were cultivated for two years based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The response to the mature embryo culture of 20 durum wheat genotypes was made in the callus induction stage in a completely randomized design with seven replicates and ten mature embryo samples in each replicate.
Results: The analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the studied genotypes regarding the percentage of callus induction and the relative speed of callus growth. The combined variance analysis table for agronomic traits measured on 20 durum wheat genotypes showed a significant difference between the studied and measured traits. The results of path analysis showed that peduncle length, number of seeds per spike, and number of spikes per plant had the most direct and positive effect, height and peduncle length had the most negative direct effect, and spike length had the least direct effect on callus induction percentage. Also, peduncle length to height ratio and spike density showed the most positive direct effect, peduncle length, and grain yield had the most direct and negative effect, and the number of spikes per plant showed the least direct effect on the relative speed of callus growth. According to the results of canonical analysis, the plants with more grains per spike have higher callus induction percentages and relative callus growth rates. Nevertheless, Mantel test results showed no significant correlation between similarity matrices obtained from tissue culture and agricultural data.
Conclusion: These results indicate the genetic control and the possibility of direct screening of genotypes with appropriate tissue culture traits through these correlated agronomic traits that are easy and quick to select.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Callus induction
  • Canonical correlation
  • Durum wheat
  • Path analysis
  • Tissue culture
  • Triticum turgidum

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