تأثیر محلول‌پاشی ویتاسپیرین و برخی ترکیبات آلی و معدنی بر کمیت و کیفیت عملکرد دانه گندم دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

3 مرکز تحقیقات غلات، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

4 مرکز تجزیه و تحلیل سیستم های محصول، دانشگاه واخنینگن، هلند.

5 گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه سلطان قابوس، عمان.

چکیده

مقدمه: در ایران به دلیل آهکی بودن خاک، اسیدیته بالا و کمبود مواد آلی خاک، عناصر غذایی تحرک کمی در خاک دارند و کاربرد عناصر غذایی در خاک همیشه مؤثر نیست. در چنین شرایطی محلول‌پاشی عناصر غذایی باعث افزایش جذب عناصر توسط گیاه می­شود و از طرفی اثرات منفی کاربرد کود در خاک را نخواهد داشت. بنابراین هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی ویتاسپرین و سایر ترکیبات بر صفات فیزیولوژیک، عملکرد کمی و کیفی دانه گندم دیم بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در فصل­های زراعی 98-1397 و 99-1398 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی و آزمایشگاه فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه کردستان انجام شد. این مطالعه با استفاده از طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و شش تیمار مجزا بر روی گندم دیم (آذر2) انجام شد. تیمارها شامل محلول‌پاشی در مراحل ساقه‌دهی و سنبله‌دهی به میزان 40 میلی‌لیتر در متر مربع اوره (4 درصد)، سولفات روی (3/0 درصد)، کلرید پتاسیم (2 درصد)، ویتاسپرین (1/0 درصد)، اسید هیومیک (1/0 درصد) و شاهد بود. صفات فیزیولوژیک در مرحله سنبله­دهی اندازه گیری شدند. عملکرد دانه، صفات مربوط به کیفیت دانه و غلظت عناصر غذایی موجود در دانه نیز در مرحله رسیدگی کامل بررسی  شدند.
یافته‌ها: میزان بارندگی در فصل زراعی 99-1398 در مقایسه با فصل زراعی 98-1397، 19 درصد کاهش یافت که این امر منجر به کاهش محتوای آب نسبی برگ، عملکرد دانه و محتوای پتاسیم در دانه شد، این در حالی بود که محتوای پروتئین دانه، محتوای گلوتن دانه، محتوای گلوتن قوی دانه، عدد فالینگ و محتوای فسفر دانه را افزایش داد. در هر دو فصل زراعی، همه ترکیبات محلول‌پاشی شده به طور قابل‌توجهی باعث بهبود محتوای آب نسبی در برگ شدند. همچنین محلول‌پاشی کلرید پتاسیم تأثیر مثبتی بر افزایش محتوای کربوهیدرات برگ داشت. ترکیبات محلول‌پاشی شده اثر معنی­داری بر بهبود عملکرد دانه نداشتند. محلول‌پاشی اوره، سولفات روی، اسید هیومیک و ویتاسپرین به ترتیب 1/18، 9/17، 7/12 و 6/12 درصد پروتئین دانه را افزایش دادند. همچنین محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی و اسید هیومیک میزان گلوتن دانه را به ترتیب 1/4 و 4 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش دادند. محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک نیز غلظت فسفر دانه را 5/12 درصد بهبود بخشید.
نتیجه‌گیری: در این آزمایش تأثیر محلول‌پاشی عناصر غذایی در مراحل ساقه‌دهی و سنبله‌دهی بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و کیفیت دانه بیشتر از عملکرد دانه بود. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که محلول‌پاشی ویتاسپرین، اوره و سولفات روی می‌تواند برای بهبود کیفیت دانه‌ها مانند محتوای پروتئین دانه، شاخص گلوتن و عدد فالینگ پیشنهاد شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of foliar application of Vitaspirin and some organic and inorganic compounds on the quantity and quality of grain yield of dryland wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Firouzeh Sharifi Kalyani 1
  • Adel Siosemardeh 1
  • Farzad Hosseinpanahi 1
  • Saeid Jalali Honarmand 2 3
  • paul struik 4
  • mohammad farooq 5
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. |Cereal Research Center, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. |Cereal Research Center, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
4 Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Netherlands.
5 Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: In Iran, the calcareous soil, coupled with its elevated acidity and deficiency in organic matter, results in limited nutrient mobility within the soil. Consequently, the soil application of nutrients may not yield effective results. Under these circumstances, foliar application of nutrients enhances the plant's nutrient uptake while avoiding the adverse effects associated with fertilization in soil. Therefore, this research aimed to examine the impact of foliar application of vitasprin and various organic substances on the physiological characteristics and quantitative and qualitative yield of dryland wheat grain.
Materials and methods: This study was carried out during the cropping seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 at the research farm and crop plant physiology laboratory in the faculty of agriculture at the University of Kurdistan. This research was carried out employing a randomized complete block design, incorporating three replications and six distinct treatments on dryland wheat (Azar2). Treatments included foliar application at stem elongation and heading stages at the rate of 40 ml m-2 of urea (4%), zinc sulfate (0.3%), potassium chloride (2%), vitaspirin (0.1%), humic acid (0.1%), and a control. Physiological characteristics were assessed during the heading stage. Grain yield, grain quality traits, and nutrient concentrations in the grain were also determined at the physiological maturity stage.
Results: Rainfall in 2019-2020 was 19% lower than in 2018-2019, leading to reduced RWC, grain yield, and grain potassium content, but increased grain protein content, grain gluten content, strong gluten, falling number, and grain phosphorus content. In both cropping seasons, all foliar application treatments significantly improved the RWC of the leaf. Also, the foliar application of potassium chloride had a positive influence on boosting leaf carbohydrate content. Foliar application of compounds did not have a significant effect on improving grain yield. Foliar application of urea, zinc sulfate, humic acid, and vitaspirin upgraded grain protein content by 18.1, 17.9, 12.7, and 12.6%, respectively. Also, the foliar application of zinc sulfate and humic acid increased grain gluten content by 4.1 and 4%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The foliar application of humic acid resulted in a 12.5% enhancement in the phosphorus concentration of grain.
Conclusion: In this experiment, the effect of foliar application of nutrients during the stem elongation and heading stages on physiological traits and grain quality was greater than grain yield. This experiment showed that foliar application of vitasprin, urea, and zinc sulfate can be recommended to improve grain quality in terms of grain protein content, gluten index, and falling number.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Falling number
  • Grain phosphorus
  • Grain protein
  • Heading stage
  • Relative water content

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