ارزیابی تنوع بیوشیمیایی، محتوای روغن و SDS-PAGE در ارقام و اکوتیپ‎های مختلف کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) به­عنوان یکی از منابع غنی و متنوع در تغذیه انسان شناخته شده است و ارزش غذایی بالایی دارد. با توجه به اهمیت این گیاه، ارزیابی تنوع فیتوشیمیایی و محتوای روغن آن در ارقام و ژنوتیپ­های مختلف، امری اساسی است که به درک بهتر از خصوصیات تغذیه‌ای و سلامتی این محصول کمک می­کند.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایشی به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی روی ارقام تجاری (Atlas، Giza1، Red Carina) و اکوتیپ­های مختلف کینوا (Q4، Q29، Q2، Q12، Q3، Q1) با سه تکرار در دانشگاه رازی در سال 1404-1403 انجام شد. صفات مورد ارزیابی شامل درصد روغن، محتوای قند محلول کل، محتوای فنل کل، فلاوونوئید کل و SDS-PAGE بود.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس ژنوتیپ­های کینوا از نظر صفات مورد بررسی نشان داد که  بین ارقام و اکوتیپ­های مختلف کینوا اختلاف بسیار معنی­داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد وجود داشت. همچنین مقایسه میانگین صفات نشان داد که اکوتیپ Q4 دارای بیشترین مقدار محتوای قند محلول کل (773/404 میلی گرم بر لیتر) و فلاوونوئید کل (825/0 میکروگرم بر لیتر) بود. آنالیز نقشه حرارتی، ارقام و اکوتیپ­ها را دو گروه مجزا قرار داد. گروه اول (Q1، Giza1، Red Carina، Q12) دارای کمترین مقدار و گروه دوم (Q4، Q29، Atlas، Q2) دارای بیشترین مقدار از نظر صفات محتوای قند محلول کل، فنل کل و فلاوونوئید کل بودند. تجریه همبستگی بین صفات نیز نشان داد که بین صفات محتوای قند محلول کل و فنل کل (**60/0) و همچنین بین فنل کل و محتوای کل فلاوونوئید(**60/0) همبستگی مثبت و بسیار معنی­داری وجود داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: تجزیه به مؤلفه­های اصلی نشان داد که دو مؤلفه اول 3/79 درصد از تغییرات و تنوع موجود را توجیه می­کنند. این امر نشان دهنده این موضوع می­باشد که بخش عمده­ای از تنوع مشاهده شده در ارقام و اکوتیپ­های کینوا توسط این دو مؤلفه کنترل می­شود.  بر این اساس مشخص شده است که صفات محتوای قند محلول کل، فنل کل و فلاوونوئید کل از اهمیت بیشتری در این بررسی برخوردار بودند. بر اساس نتایج  SDS-PAGEپروتئین­های ذخیره­ای بذر، نیم­رخ پروتئینی بذور شش اکوتیپ و سه رقم تجاری، هفت باند پروتئینی مشخص را در محدوده وزن مولکولی 20 تا 70 کیلودالتون نشان داد. تک باند پروتئینی با وزن مولکولی حدود 40 کیلو دالتون که تقریباً 11 درصد از باندها را تشکیل داد، می­تواند به عنوان یک نشانگر ژنتیکی ثابت در کینوا مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of biochemical diversity, oil content, and SDS-PAGE in different varieties and ecotypes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)

نویسندگان [English]

  • zeinab chaghakaboodi 1
  • mahmoud bagheri 2
  • hosein mostafaei 3
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
3 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) is widely recognized as a nutrient-rich crop with exceptional nutritional value. Given its importance, it is crucial to assess the phytochemical diversity and oil content among different cultivars and genotypes to enhance our understanding of its nutritional and health-related properties.
Materials and methods: A completely randomised design (CRD) experiment was conducted on commercial cultivars (Atlas, Giza1, Red Carina) and various quinoa ecotypes (Q4, Q29, Q2, Q12, Q3, Q1) with three replications at Razi University during the 2023-2024 growing season. The evaluated traits included oil percentage, total soluble sugar content, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and SDS-PAGE analysis.
Results: The analysis of variance for quinoa genotypes regarding the studied traits revealed a highly significant difference (at the 1% probability level) among different quinoa cultivars and ecotypes. Additionally, mean comparison results showed that ecotype Q4 had the highest total soluble sugar content (404.773 mg/L) and total flavonoid content (0.825 µg/L). Heatmap analysis categorized the cultivars and ecotypes into two distinct groups. The first group (Q1, Giza1, Red Carina, Q12) had the lowest values, while the second group (Q4, Q29, Atlas, Q2) exhibited the highest values for total soluble sugar, total phenol, and total flavonoid content. Correlation analysis showed a strong and highly significant positive correlation between total soluble sugar content and total phenol content (0.60**) as well as between total phenol content and total flavonoid content (0.60**).
Conclusion: Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the first two components accounted for 79.3% of the observed variations, suggesting that these two components explain a significant portion of the diversity among quinoa cultivars and ecotypes. This analysis highlighted the significant importance of total soluble sugar, total phenol, and total flavonoid content in this study. SDS-PAGE analysis of seed storage proteins revealed seven distinct protein bands within a molecular weight range of 20 to 70 kDa across the six ecotypes and three commercial cultivars. A single protein band with an approximate molecular weight of 40 kDa, constituting about 11% of the total bands, could serve as a stable genetic marker for quinoa.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Heat Map Analysis
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
  • Total soluble Sugar Content
  • Total Phenolic Content
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