گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های یولاف زراعی (.Avena sativa L) متحمل به خشکی بر اساس عملکرد دانه و شاخص‌های تحمل تنش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه ژنتیک و به نژادی گیاهی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

3 مرکز تحقیقات غلات، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: یولاف زراعی (Avena sativa L.) به‌عنوان محصولی با ارزش تغذیه‌ای بالا، نقش مهمی در تأمین غذای انسان و دام دارد و در سال‌های اخیر، به‌دلیل افزایش تقاضا برای محصولات غذایی سالم، محبوبیت آن در بین مصرف‌کنندگان سلامت‌محور، رشد چشمگیری یافته است. این تقاضا، ضرورت بهبود تولید یولاف و توسعه روش‌های کارآمد کشاورزی برای حفظ و افزایش بهره‌وری آن را بیشتر کرده است. اگرچه یولاف به‌دلیل سازگاری بالا با شرایط اقلیمی مختلف و توانایی رشد در محیط‌های سخت، به‌عنوان یکی از مقاوم‌ترین غلات در برابر تنش‌های غیرزیستی شناخته می‌شود. با این وجود، تغییرات اقلیمی و کاهش منابع آبی و به ویژه بروز تنش خشکی، چالش‌های جدیدی برای تولید این محصول، ایجاد کرده است و تأثیرات منفی زیادی بر رشد و عملکرد آن می‌گذارد. در این پژوهش، عملکرد دانه 21 ژنوتیپ یولاف در سه شرایط آبی مختلف بررسی و توسط شاخص‏های مختلف مقاومت به خشکی ارزیابی شده است تا ژنوتیپ‌هایی شناسایی شوند که قابلیت حفظ عملکرد بالا در شرایط مختلف را داشته باشند.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی عملکرد دانه و شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به خشکی با استفاده از شاخص‌های تحمل به تنش، در 21 ژنوتیپ یولاف، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و تحت سه شرایط آبی (بدون تنش)، دیم و تنش خشکی بعد از گلدهی، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه در سال زراعی ۱۳۹۴-۱۳۹۳ انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس ساده برای صفت عملکرد دانه در شرایط آبی (بدون تنش)، دیم و تنش خشکی بعد از گلدهی، تفاوت معنی‌داری را بین ژنوتیپ‌های یولاف نشان داد. شاخص‌تحمل به تنش (STI)، میانگین بهره‌وری (MP) و میانگین هندسی بهره‌وری (GMP) همبستگی مثبت و بسیار معنی‌داری با عملکرد دانه در هر دو شرایط تنش و بدون تنش داشتند و بنابراین برای غربالگری ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به خشکی مناسب می‌باشند. نتایج تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی نشان داد که دو مؤلفه اول بیش از 99 درصد از تنوع داده‌ها را توجیه کردند. بر اساس نمودار بای‌پلات، ژنوتیپ‌های 7 و 17 در هر دو شرایط عملکرد مطلوبی داشتند و ژنوتیپ‌های 19، 21، 12، 13، 6، 3 و 5 برای کشت در شرایط خشکی انتهای فصل پیشنهاد شدند.
نتیجه‌گیری: در شرایط دیم، ژنوتیپ‌های 7، 17، 5، 9 و 13 و در شرایط تنش خشکی بعد از گلدهی، ژنوتیپ‌های 5، 19، 21، 3، 7 و 17 با شاخص‌های مطلوب و عملکرد پایدار شناسایی شدند. نتایج این پژوهش می‌تواند به بهبود برنامه‌های اصلاحی یولاف و توسعه ارقام مقاوم به خشکی کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Selection of drought-tolerant oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes based on grain yield and stress tolerance indices

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Mehdi Safavi 1 2
  • Sohbat Bahraminejad 2 3
  • hazhir beheshtizadeh 2
1 Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, Ker.C., Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. |Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, Ker.C., Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. |Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. |Cereal Research Center, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Oat (Avena sativa L.), as a crop with high nutritional value, plays a significant role in providing food for both humans and livestock, and in recent years, due to the increasing demand for healthy food products, its popularity among health-conscious consumers has grown significantly. This demand has increased the need to improve oat production and develop efficient agricultural methods to maintain and increase its productivity. Although oat is known as one of the most resistant cereals to abiotic stresses due to its high adaptability to different climatic conditions and ability to grow in harsh environments. However, climate change and the reduction of water resources, especially the occurrence of drought stress, have created new challenges for the production of this crop and have significant negative effects on its growth and yield. In this study, the grain yield of 21 oat genotypes was investigated under three different water conditions and an attempt was made to identify genotypes that are capable of maintaining high yield under different conditions using different drought resistance indices.
Materials and methods: This study aimed to evaluate grain yield and identify drought-tolerant genotypes using stress tolerance indices in 21 oat genotypes, were conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications, under three conditions: irrigated (non-stress), rainfed, and post-flowering drought stress, at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Farm of Razi University in Kermanshah during the 2014-2015 cropping years.
Results: The results of simple analysis of variance for grain yield trait in irrigated (no stress), rainfed, and post-flowering drought stress conditions showed significant differences among oat genotypes. The results indicated that the stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), and geometric mean productivity (GMP) were positively and significantly correlated with grain yield under both stress and non-stress conditions, and are therefore suitable for screening drought-tolerant genotypes. The results of the principal component analysis indicated that the first two components justified more than 99% of the variation in the data. Based on the biplot diagram, Genotypes 7 and 17 showed strong performance under both conditions and Genotypes 19, 21, 12, 13, 6, 3, and 5 were recommended for cultivation under late-season drought conditions.
Conclusion: Under rainfed conditions, genotypes 7, 17, 5, 9, and 13 and under post-flowering drought stress, genotypes 5, 19, 21, 3, 7, and 17 were having favorable traits and consistent yields. The findings of this research could contribute to the improvement of oat breeding programs and the development of drought-resistant varieties.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gene expression
  • malondialdehyde
  • Plant stress
  • Zn application

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