گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های یولاف زراعی (.Avena sativa L) متحمل به خشکی بر اساس عملکرد دانه و شاخص‌های تحمل تنش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه ژنتیک و به نژادی گیاهی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

3 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

4 مرکز تحقیقات غلات، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

10.22126/cbb.2025.11884.1103

چکیده

مقدمه: یولاف زراعی (Avena sativa L.) به‌عنوان محصولی با ارزش تغذیه‌ای بالا، نقش مهمی در تأمین غذای انسان و دام دارد و در سال‌های اخیر، به‌دلیل افزایش تقاضا برای محصولات غذایی سالم، محبوبیت آن در بین مصرف‌کنندگان سلامت‌محور، رشد چشمگیری یافته است. این تقاضا، ضرورت بهبود تولید یولاف و توسعه روش‌های کارآمد کشاورزی برای حفظ و افزایش بهره‌وری آن را بیشتر کرده است. اگرچه یولاف به‌دلیل سازگاری بالا با شرایط اقلیمی مختلف و توانایی رشد در محیط‌های سخت، به‌عنوان یکی از مقاوم‌ترین غلات در برابر تنش‌های غیرزیستی شناخته می‌شود. با این وجود، تغییرات اقلیمی و کاهش منابع آبی و به ویژه بروز تنش خشکی، چالش‌های جدیدی برای تولید این محصول، ایجاد کرده است و تأثیرات منفی زیادی بر رشد و عملکرد آن می‌گذارد. در این پژوهش، عملکرد دانه 21 ژنوتیپ یولاف در سه شرایط آبی مختلف بررسی و توسط شاخص‏های مختلف مقاومت به خشکی ارزیابی شده است تا ژنوتیپ‌هایی شناسایی شوند که قابلیت حفظ عملکرد بالا در شرایط مختلف را داشته باشند.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی عملکرد دانه و شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به خشکی با استفاده از شاخص‌های تحمل به تنش، در 21 ژنوتیپ یولاف، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و تحت سه شرایط آبی (بدون تنش)، دیم و تنش خشکی بعد از گلدهی، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه در سال زراعی ۱۳۹۴-۱۳۹۳ انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس ساده برای صفت عملکرد دانه در شرایط آبی (بدون تنش)، دیم و تنش خشکی بعد از گلدهی، تفاوت معنی‌داری را بین ژنوتیپ‌های یولاف نشان داد. شاخص‌تحمل به تنش (STI)، میانگین بهره‌وری (MP) و میانگین هندسی بهره‌وری (GMP) همبستگی مثبت و بسیار معنی‌داری با عملکرد دانه در هر دو شرایط تنش و بدون تنش داشتند و بنابراین برای غربالگری ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به خشکی مناسب می‌باشند. نتایج تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی نشان داد که دو مؤلفه اول بیش از 99 درصد از تنوع داده‌ها را توجیه کردند. بر اساس نمودار بای‌پلات، ژنوتیپ‌های 7 و 17 در هر دو شرایط عملکرد مطلوبی داشتند و ژنوتیپ‌های 19، 21، 12، 13، 6، 3 و 5 برای کشت در شرایط خشکی انتهای فصل پیشنهاد شدند.
نتیجه‌گیری: در شرایط دیم، ژنوتیپ‌های 7، 17، 5، 9 و 13 و در شرایط تنش خشکی بعد از گلدهی، ژنوتیپ‌های 5، 19، 21، 3، 7 و 17 با شاخص‌های مطلوب و عملکرد پایدار شناسایی شدند. نتایج این پژوهش می‌تواند به بهبود برنامه‌های اصلاحی یولاف و توسعه ارقام مقاوم به خشکی کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Selection of drought-tolerant oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes based on grain yield and stress tolerance indices

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Mehdi Safavi 1 2
  • Sohbat Bahraminejad 3 4
  • hazhir beheshtizadeh 2
1 Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, Ker.C., Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. |Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, Ker.C., Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. |Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.|Cereal Research Center, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
4 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.|Cereal Research Center, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Heat and dry stress events during the wheat-growing season, particularly during wheat grain filling, are among the prevalent environmental constraints that adversely affect wheat growth and productivity worldwide. Because people in developing countries are highly dependent on cereal-based diets, they are prone to Zn-related diseases. The situation becomes worse when the crop is grown in soil with low Zn content. Studies have shown that the application of Zinc (Zn) successfully increased wheat grain yield and grain Zn content and improved wheat tolerance to drought. The present studies are designed to provide a better understanding and further information on the response of wheat to Zn application under drought conditions.
Materials and methods: The present study included two experiments: a preliminary experiment that aimed to elucidate the effect of the application of Zn via foliar or seed priming on wheat tolerance to drought stress and a field study that was designed to investigate the effect of exogenous proline and foliar application of Z on wheat yield and grain nutrient. A preliminary experiment detected the effects of the Zn application method on the biochemical and molecular characteristics of drought-stressed wheat. Proline-biosynthesis-related gene [Δ1-pyrroline-5-‎carboxylate reductase (P5CS)] expression, proline accumulation, and malondialdehyde content were determined four days after drought stress was imposed. A subsequent field experiment (Experiment 2) was also conducted to elucidate the effect of foliar application of Zn [0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% (w/v)] individually and in all possible combinations with proline (0 and 15 µ mole) on wheat performance under post-anthesis drought stress condition. The foliar application was applied at anthesis. All plants were exposed to drought stress by withholding irrigation for 21 days. The field experiment was conducted in 2021/22 during the wheat-growing season at a commercial wheat-grown farm. The experiment site is located in Sirvan County, Ilam Province. A durum wheat cultivar, ‘Saji’, was used in both experiments.
Results: Zn application, mainly when applied via foliar, increased P5CS mRNA accumulation and proline content and decreased malondialdehyde content in the leaf compared to the control treatment. Results of the field experiment showed that the combined application of Zn the control treatment, exogenously applied proline increased grain yield by up to 4.4%. Results showed that the foliar application of Zn at 0.2% (w/v) in combination with proline (15 mM) had a more significant effect on increased grain yield. Foliar-applied Zn at 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% ‎(w/v‎)‎ of ZnSO4 solution decreased grain P content by 8.3%, 14.7% and 18.1%, respectively, as compared with the control. Foliar Zn application of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% ‎(w/v‎)‎ of ZnSO4.7H2O solution increased Zn content in grain by 6.3%, 11.9%, and 19.1%, respectively, to control plants.
Conclusion: Regarding the cost for farmers, foliar application of Zn at a concentration of 0.3% at the anthesis stage can be suggested as the best treatment to improve both the quantity and quality of wheat.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gene expression
  • malondialdehyde
  • Plant stress
  • Zn application

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