ارزیابی تحمل به خشکی لاین‌های مختلف گندم دوروم در مرحله جوانه‌زنی تحت شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 مرکز تحقیقات غلات، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

3 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

4 موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، معاونت سرارود، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: تنش خشکی از مهم ترین عوامل ایجاد اختلال در رشد و نمو گیاهان به­ویژه در مرحله جوانه‌زنی در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک هست. جوانه­زنی مرحله­ای حساس از دوره رشد گندم به‌ شمار می­رود که معمولاً تحت تاثیر تنش خشکی قرار می­گیرد. در بین محصولات زراعی گندم دارای بیش­ترین سطح زیرکشت و مهم­ترین غله دنیا می­باشد. گندم منبع اصلی تامین پروتئین و کربوهیدرات می­باشد. تقریباً نیمی از زمین­های زراعی ایران به کشت گندم اختصاص داده شده است. گندم دوروم دومین گونه زراعی مهم گندم و دهمین محصول زراعی مهم دنیا است که حدود 10 درصد کل سطح زیر کشت جهانی گندم را به خود اختصاص داده است.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این آزمایش ویژگی­های جوانه­زنی و عکس­العمل ژنوتیپ­های گندم دوروم تحت تنش خشکی در شرایط آزمایشگاه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. بدین‌منظور جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه‌های 20 ژنوتیپ گندم دوروم در شرایط تنش رطوبتی در سه سطح (صفر بعنوان شاهد،  4/0- و 8/0- مگاپاسگال) به وسیله محلول پلی‌اتیلن گلایکول 6000 مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1398 اجراء گردید. صفات مورد بررسی شامل درصد جوانه­زنی، سرعت جوانه­زنی، شاخص بنیه بذر، طول ریشه­چه، طول ساقه­چه و وزن خشک ریشه­چه و ساقه­چه بودند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس صفات نشان­ داد که اثر ژنوتیپ­، تنش خشکی و اثر متقابل آن­ها برای کلیه صفات مورد­ بررسی، معنی­دار بود و با افزایش تنش خشکی، مقدار اغلب صفات نیز کاهش پیدا کرد. نتایج تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد که سرعت جوانه‌زنی دارای همبستگی مثبت، کامل و معنی‌دار با درصد جوانه‌زنی بود. همچنین، وزن خشک ساقه­چه با طول ساقه­چه همبستگی مثبت و بسیار معنی‌داری (78/0) نشان داد. در بین صفات مورد ارزیابی صفت طول ساقه­چه حساسیت بیشتری به تغییر تنش خشکی نشان داد. به‌طور کلی در بین ژنوتیپ­های مورد بررسی ژنوتیپ­های شماره 18 و 20 وضعیت مناسب­تری داشتند و به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ متحمل به تنش خشکی و ژنوتیپ­های شماره 2 و 5 به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ­های حساس به تنش خشکی شناخته شدند..
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان داد که استفاده از پلی اتیلن گلایکول موجب کاهش قابل توجه درصد جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه‌های گندم دوروم می‌شود. نکته قابل توجه افزایش طول ریشه‌چه در برخی از ژنوتیپ‌ها با افزایش سطح تنش بود که اهمیت طول ریشه‌چه را در شرایط خشکی نشان می‌دهد. همچنین مشاهده شد که با افزایش تنش، درصد جوانه‌زنی نهایی و شاخص سرعت جوانه‌زنی نیز کاهش پیدا کرد. در مجموع وجود تنوع ژنتیکی قابل توجه در بین ژنوتیپ‌ها از نظر تحمل به خشکی، امکان انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌های برتر را مهیا نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of drought tolerance of durum wheat genotypes at germination stage in in vitro conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Changiz Azizolahi 1
  • Alireza Zebarjadi 1 2
  • Abbas Rezaeizad 3
  • Reza Mohammadi 4
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. |Cereal Research Center, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 Horticulture Crops Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.
4 Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Sararood Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Drought stress is one of the most important factors causing disturbances in the growth and development of plants, especially in the germination stage in arid and semi-arid regions. Germination is a sensitive stage of the wheat growth period, which is usually affected by drought stress. Among the crops, wheat has the largest cultivated area and is the most important grain globally. Wheat is the main source of protein and carbohydrates. Almost half of Iran's agricultural land is devoted to wheat cultivation. Durum wheat is the second most important agricultural type of wheat and the tenth most important agricultural product in the world, accounting for about 10% of the world's wheat cultivation area.
Materials and methods: In this study, the germination characteristics and responses of durum wheat genotypes to drought stress were evaluated under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, the germination and growth of seedlings from 20 durum wheat genotypes were tested under moisture stress conditions at three dry levels (zero as a control, -0.4 MPa, and -0.8 MPa) using a polyethylene glycol 6000 solution. The experiment was conducted as a factorial design in a completely randomized design with three replications. The studied traits include germination percentage, speed of germination, seed vigor index, rootlet length, shootlet length, and dry weight of rootlets and shootlets.
Results: The analysis of variance results showed a significant difference between genotypes, water potential (drought stress), and their interaction for all investigated traits. Additionally, with the decrease in water potential, the values of most traits also decreased. The results of correlation analysis showed a very high correlation between speed of germination and germination percentage (1**), as well as shootlet dry weight and shootlet length (0.78**). Among the assessed traits, shootlet length showed the greatest sensitivity to changes in water potential. In general, among the investigated genotypes, Genotypes No. 18 and 20 were identified as drought stress-tolerant, while Genotypes No. 2 and 5 were recognized as drought stress-sensitive.
Conclusion: The obtained results showed that the use of polyethylene glycol significantly reduces the percentage of germination and growth of durum wheat seedlings. The remarkable point was the increase in the length of the rootlet in some genotypes with increasing stress levels, which highlights the importance of rootlet length in dry conditions. It was also observed that with an increase in stress, the percentage of final germination and the speed of germination decreased. In general, the presence of significant genetic diversity among genotypes in terms of drought tolerance made it possible to select superior genotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Polyethylene glycol
  • Drought stress
  • Germination
  • ِDurum wheat
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