اثر تنش شوری بر برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک گیاه جو (Hordeum vulgare L.)در سیستم هواکشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران.

2 گروه ژنتیک و به‌نژادی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی ، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران ، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) چهارمین غله مهم در سراسر جهان است. این گیاه یکی از مقاو‌م‌ترین گیاهان به تنش شوری در بین غلات محسوب می‌شود. تنش شوری یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های غیرزیستی است که باعث کاهش شدید عملکرد و کیفیت محصول گیاهان زراعی می‌شود. بنابراین، شوری تهدیدی جدی برای کشاورزی محسوب می‌شود. هواکشت یک سیستم هیدروپونیک است که در آن ریشه‌های گیاه در هوا معلق می‌شوند و به طور متناوب با محلول غنی از مواد مغذی و با استفاده از یک تایمر و پمپ به صورت پاشش کود، آبیاری می‌شوند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف تنش شوری و نوع رقم بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک، مورفولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاه جو در سیستم هواکشت در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: ﺟﻬﺖ بررسی اﺛﺮ رقم بر برخی وﯾژگیﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرﻓﻮ-ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾک گیاه جو در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮری، آزﻣﺎﯾشی در سیستم هواکشت بصورت ﻓﺎکتوریل و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح کاملا ﺗﺼﺎدفی ﺑﺎ شش ﺗکرار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. فاکتور اول، رقم در دو سطح (شامل ارقام سرارود و بهمن) و فاکتور دوم شوری در 4 سطح (شامل 0، 5، 10 و 15 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) بودند. ابتدا بذرها را جوانه‌دار کرده و سپس گیاهچه‌های یکنواخت انتخاب و در گلدان‌های کوچک قرار داده شدند. پس از چند روز، نشاها به سیستم هواکشت منتقل شدند. سیستم هواکشت در یک محفظه رشد (هر واحد با ابعاد ۱۰۰ × ۱۰۰ × ۱۲۰ سانتی‌متر؛ عمق × عرض × طول) با کنترل برخی عوامل محیطی مانند دما و دوره نوری ایجاد شد. ریشه‌های جو نیز هر ۲۰ دقیقه به مدت ۲۰ ثانیه با محلول هوگلند اسپری شدند و محلول غذایی هفتگی تعویض گردید. یک هفته پس از استقرار گیاهان در سیستم هواکشت، اعمال تیمارهای شوری آغاز شد. یک ماه پس از اعمال تنش شوری صفات وزن تر و خشک ریشه و اندام‌هوایی، ارتفاع گیاه، طول و حجم ریشه، رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، میزان پرولین، میزان قند محلول، پروتئین، آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدان و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که اثرات اصلی و اثر متقابل تنش شوری و رقم بر صفات وزن تر و خشک ریشه و اندام‌هوایی، ارتفاع گیاه، طول و حجم ریشه، رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، میزان پرولین، میزان قند محلول، پروتئین، آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدان و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم معنی‌دار شد. با افزایش غلظت کلرید سدیم، میزان وزن تر و خشک ریشه و اندام‌هوایی، ارتفاع گیاه، طول و حجم ریشه، کلروفیل a و b، پروتئین و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم در هر دو رقم مورد مطالعه کاهش یافت و میزان پرولین، قند محلول، آنزیم‌های کاتالاز و گایاکول پراکسیداز افزایش یافت. از بین دو رقم مورد بررسی رقم سرارود نسبت به رقم بهمن نسبت به تنش شوری، متحمل‌تر بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮری ﺑﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در هر دو رقم ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ منفی داﺷﺖ. براساس نتایج مطالعه حاضر می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که رقم سرارود کمتر تحت تأثیر تنش شوری قرار گرفته است و تحمل بالاتری نسبت به رقم بهمن داشته است. این یافته‌ها همچنین نشان می‌دهد که استفاده از سیستم هواکشت می‌تواند به بهبود مطالعات ریشه کمک کند و ابزار مفیدی برای غربال‌گری اولیه ارقام بخصوص از نظر صفات ریشه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of salinity stress on some morpho-physiological traits of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in an aeroponic system

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Movahedi 1
  • Ahmad Moieni 2
  • Mehdi Ghabooli 1
  • Samaneh Khalili 2
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the fourth most important cereal crop worldwide. It is considered one of the most salt-tolerant cereal among cereals. Salinity is one of the principal abiotic stresses that significantly affects plant growth and yield. Thus, salinity is considered a serious threat to agriculture. Aeroponics is a hydroponic system in which plant roots are suspended in the air and are periodically watered with a nutrient-rich solution using a timer and pump to spray fertiliser. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of different levels of salinity stress and cultivar type on some morphological, physiological and biochemical traits of barley in an aeroponic system.
Materials and methods: To investigate the effects of cultivar on morpho-physiological characteristics of barley under salt stress, an experiment was conducted in an aeroponic system as a factorial experiment based on the completely randomised design (CRD) with six replications. The first factor was cultivars at two levels (including Sararood and Bahman), and the second factor was salinity at four levels (including 0, 5, 10, and 15 dS/m NaCl). First, the seeds germinated, and then the uniform seedlings were selected and placed in pots. After a few days, seedlings were transferred to an aeroponic system. The aeroponic system was established in a growth chamber (each unit with 100 × 100 × 120 cm; depth × width × length) by controlling key environmental factors, such as temperature and photoperiod. The barley roots were also sprayed with the Hoagland solution every 20 min for 20 sec; the nutrient solution was renewed weekly. One week after the plants were established in the aeroponic system, treatments were applied. One month after applying salt stress, the traits of fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, plant height, root length and volume, photosynthetic pigments, proline content, soluble sugar content, protein, antioxidant enzymes and K+/Na+ ratio were measured.
Results: The ANOVA results revealed significant main effects and interactions of salinity stress and cultivar on several parameters, including fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, plant height, root length and volume, photosynthetic pigments, proline content, soluble sugar content, protein, antioxidant enzymes, and K+/Na+ ratio. As the concentration of sodium chloride increased, the amount of fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, plant height, root length and volume, content, protein, chlorophyll a and b and K+/Na+ ratio decreased, and the amount of proline content, soluble sugar content, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase increased. Among the two cultivars studied, the Sararood cultivar was more tolerant to salinity stress than the Bahman cultivar.
Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed that salinity stress had a negative effect on most of the studied traits in both cultivars. Based on the results of the present study, it can be stated that the Sararood cultivar was less affected by salinity stress and had a better reaction than the Bahman cultivar. These findings also indicate that using an aeroponic system can help improve root-related studies, and it can be concluded that the aeroponic system could be a valuable tool for initial screening of cultivars, especially for root traits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soluble proteins
  • Photosynthetic pigments
  • Antioxidant defense system
  • Soilless culture

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