نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 1- دانشجوی دکتری اگروتکنولوژی، گرایش فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایران
2 دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
3 دانشگاه رازی3- دانشیار مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه، ایران.
4 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.
5 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات دیم کشور، کرمانشاه، ایران.کز تحقیقات کشاورزی
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction: Wheat (Triticum aesivum L.) is a major crop that is widely cultivated in a wide range of different regions in the world and is considered an important source of protein, carbohydrates, amino acids, fiber and vitamins. Among the factors limiting the performance of this crop, water is the most important factor that reduces its performance, especially in semi-arid and arid regions of the world, including Iran. Therefore, meeting the food needs of the growing population is a problem. Also, iron and zinc deficiencies is one oare the most important factors limiting the production and quality of wheat in calcareous soils of dryland areas. Therefore, the significance of further studies on drought stress and wheat leads researchers to use various methods, including the application of micronutrients at specific stages of wheat phenology.
Materials and methods: This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined foliar application of conventional (chelated) and modern (nano) forms of iron and zinc fertilizers on yield, yield components, nutritional quality, and grain concentration of these elements in four bread and durum wheat cultivars under rainfed conditions. The experiment was conducted in an split-plots experiment with randomized complete block design in three replications and two consecutive cropping years in Kermanshah province. The main factor included four wheat cultivars (two bread cultivars: Rijaw and Jam; two durum cultivars: Zardak and Tabesh) and the subfactor included nine fertilizer treatments (control; water, chelated and nano-chelated iron and zinc at concentrations of 0, 4 and 8 mg L-1).
Results: The results of the composite analysis showed that the interaction effect of cultivar and fertilizer type was significant on the most traits. The highest plant height (93.8 cm), leaf relative moisture percentage (86.77%), leaf area (26.31cm2) and number of grains per spike (33 grains) were obtained in bread wheat of Jam cultivar with 8 mg L-1 zinc nanochelate treatment. Grain yield and biomass increased significantly under the influence of nanofertilizers, especially at 8 mg L-1 concentration. The highest yield was obtained in 8 mg L-1 zinc nanochelate treatment in Jam cultivar (2791 kg ha -1), and then in 8 mg L-1 zinc nanochelate treatment in Rijaw cultivar (2616 kg ha-1). In addition, carbohydrate content, grain protein, iron and zinc concentration of grain increased significantly in nanochelate treatments. The application of iron and zinc nanochelates, especially at 8 mg L-1 concentration, significantly improved physiological traits, increased yield and enriched wheat grains with iron and zinc. The difference in response of cultivars indicates the importance of selecting the suitable cultivar along with modern nutritional management.
Conclusion: Overall, these findings clearly confirm that the response of wheat cultivars to the application of micronutrients (iron and zinc) is very specific and genotype-dependent. Therefore, the application of nanofertilizers could be recommended as an effective strategy in improving the yield and quality of rainfed wheats, especially bread wheat, and also in biofortification programs. Bread cultivars showed a more favorable response to foliar application of nanofertilizers and were superior in photosynthesis and yield indices.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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