اثر مصرف کودهای میکرو بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج توده بومی علی‌کاظمی در استان گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران و دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

10.22126/cbb.2026.13755.1137

چکیده

مقدمه: یکی از راهکارهای بهبود امنیت غذایی جمعیت رو به افزایش جهان، افزایش مقدار تولید در واحد سطح می­باشد. مهم­ترین عامل مرتبط با تولید محصول، تغذیه صحیح گیاهان است که نقش به­سزایی در افزایش عملکرد دارد. سیلیسیم و روی در بین عناصر غذایی نقش کلیدی در افزایش رشد و بهبود عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاهان زراعی بخصوص برنج دارند.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر کودهای میکرو بر صفات کمـی و کیفی برنج توده بومی علی­کاظمی در روستای قلعه رودخان شهرستان فومن در استان گیلان در سال 1401 اجرا شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل16 ترکیب تیماری از انواع کودهای میکرو به صورت محلول‏پاشی و کاربرد در خاک بود. در پایان آزمایش، اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد شلتوک، عملکرد زیستی و شاخص برداشت بررسی شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد اثر کودهای روی و سیلیسیم بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی­دار شد. کاربرد سیلیکات پودری به­صورت خاک کاربرد بیش­ترین طول خوشه را نشان داد. کودهای حاوی روی و سیلیس همچنین تعداد دانه پوک در خوشه را کاهش دادند. کاربرد تیمارهای کودی تعداد پنجه بارور، تعداد دانه پر، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد شلتوک، عملکرد زیستی و شاخص برداشت را در مقایسه با شاهد بهبود دادند. عملکرد شلتوک در تیمارهای T2 (کاربرد سولفات روی در خاک)، T10 (کاربرد سیلیکات پودری در خاک همراه با محلول­پاشی کود حاوی سیلیس)، T13 (کاربرد سولفات روی و سیلیکات پودری در خاک همراه با محلول­پاشی کود حاوی سیلیس) و T16 (محلول­پاشی و مصرف خاک­پاش دو نوع کود) بالاتر از دیگر تیمارها و شاهد بوده و در یک گروه آماری قرار گرفتند. در تیمارهای T2 (کاربرد سولفات روی در خاک)، T10 (کاربرد سیلیکات پودری در خاک همراه با محلول­پاشی کود حاوی سیلیس) و T16 (محلول­پاشی و مصرف خاک­پاش دو نوع کود) نیز عملکرد زیستی بالاتری را نیز نشان دادند. شاخص برداشت در تمیار T16 (محلول­پاشی و مصرف خاک کاربرد دو نوع کود) بالا بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: تیمارهای T2 )کاربرد سولفات روی به­صورت خاک­پاش)، T10 )کاربرد سیلیکات پودری به­صورت خاک­پاش همراه با محلول­پاشی کود حاوی سیلیس) و T16 )محلول­پاشی و مصرف خاک­پاش کود روی و سیلیسیم) بالاترین وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد شلتوک و عملکرد زیستی را نشان دادند. بنابراین مصرف کودهای روی و سیلیسیم توانست سبب افزایش اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد دانه برنج توده بومی علی کاظمی شود. پایین بودن میزان عناصر کم­مصرف در غلات و کاهش تنـوع غـذایی منجر به بروز سـوء تغـذیه می­گردد که این امر یکی از مشکلات کنونی کشور است.لذا با توجه به اثر عناصر سیلیسیم و روی بر کمیت و کیفیت دانه برنج و توانایی تعدیل اثرات ناشی از تنش­های زیستی و غیرزیستی، استفاده بهینه از آن، ضروری به نظر می رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of microfertilizer application on yield and yield components of rice Ali Kazemi Landrace in Guilan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Yousefi Ghaleh-Roodkhani 1
  • Seyed MohammadReza Ehteshami 2
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Univesity of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran and Associate Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Univesity of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: One of the solutions to improve food security for the world's growing population is to increase the amount of production per unit area. The most important factor related to crop production is proper plant nutrition, which plays a significant role in increasing yield. Silicon and zinc, among the nutrients, play a key role in increasing growth and improving the quantitative and qualitative yield of crops, especially rice.
Materials and methods: This study aimed to investigate the effect of micro-fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Ali Kazemi Landrace in Qale Rudkhan village, Fouman county, Guilan province, in 1401. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments studied included 16 treatment combinations of various micro-fertilizers in the form of foliar spraying and soil application. At the end of the experiment, yield components, paddy yield, biological yield, and harvest index were evaluated.
Results: The results showed the effect of zinc and silicon fertilizers on all studied traits was significant at the 1% probability level. The soil application of powdered silicate as fertilizer showed the highest spike length. Fertilizers containing zinc and silica also reduced the number of empty grains per spike. Application of fertilizer treatments improved the number of fertile tillers, number of filled grains, 1000-grain weight, paddy yield, biological yield, and harvest index compared to the control. Paddy yield in treatments T2 (soil application of zinc sulfate), T10 (soil application of powdered silicate along with spraying of fertilizer containing silica), T13 (soil application of zinc sulfate and powdered silicate along with spraying of fertilizer containing silica) and T16 (spraying and soil application of two types of fertilizers) were higher than other treatments and control. They were placed in the same statistical group. In treatments T2 (soil application of zinc sulfate), T10 (soil application of powdered silicate  along with spraying of fertilizer containing silica) and T16 (spraying and soil application of two types of fertilizers) also showed higher biological yield. The harvest index in treatment T16 (spraying and soil application of two types of fertilizers) was the highest.
Conclusion: Treatments of T2 (soil application of zinc sulfate), T10 (soil application of powdered silicate along with foliar application of fertilizer containing silicon) and T16 (solution spraying and application of zinc and silicon fertilizer in soil) showed the highest 1000-grain weight, paddy yield and biological yield. Therefore, the use of zinc and silicon fertilizers was able to increase the yield components and grain yield of Ali Kazemi's landrace. Low levels of micronutrients in cereals and reduced dietary diversity led to malnutrition, which this is one of the current problems of the country. Therefore, considering the effect of silicon and zinc elements on the quantity and quality of rice grain and their ability to modulate the effects of biotic and abiotic stresses, their optimal use seems essential.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Harvest index
  • Rice
  • Silicon
  • Yield
  • Zinc

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