ارزیابی کیفیت دانه گیاهان ذرت، سوگوم و ارزن تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف کود مرغی و شیمیایی در دشت دهگلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه ژنتیک و تولید گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

10.22126/cbb.2026.13919.1146

چکیده

مقدمه: در سال‌های اخیر ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ بالای ﮐﻮدﻫﺎی ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ توصیه شده و آلودگی‌های زیست محیطی ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از کاربرد ﻣﻮاد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺳنتزی، کاربرد این کودها را با محدودیت مواجه کرده است و موجب افزایش ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ برای مصرف کودهای آلی شده است. استفاده از کودهای آلی علاوه بر اینکه مقدار کافی نیتروژن و سایر عناصر غذایی مورد نیاز را دراختیار گیاه قرار می­دهد، به کاهش آلودگی محیط نیز کمک می‌کند. همچنین آزادسازی عناصر در این کودها به‌صورت تدریجی انجام می‌شود و گیاه در تمام طول دوره رشد به عناصر غذایی دسترسی دارد. هدف از اجرای این آزمایش، ارزیابی محتوای عناصر غذایی دانه سه گیاه ارزن مرواریدی رقم نوتریفید، ذرت سینگل کراس 260 و سورگوم رقم اسپیدفید تحت تأثیر سطوح تلفیقی کود مرغی و کود شیمیایی با هدف کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و بهبود کیفی دانه بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در سال زراعی 1403 به­صورت کرت‎های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه کردستان واقع در دشت دهگلان انجام شد. فاکتور اصلی آزمایش شامل ارزن مرواریدی رقم نوتریفید، سورگوم رقم اسپیدفید و ذرت سینگل کراس 260 و فاکتور فرعی شامل سیستم‌های کوددهی شامل شاهد، 4 تن در هکتار کود مرغی، 3 تن در هکتار کود مرغی+ 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن از منبع اوره+ 25 کیلوگرم فسفات از منبع سوپرفسفات تریپل ، 2 تن در هکتار کود مرغی+ 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن از منبع اوره+ 50 کیلوگرم فسفات از منبع سوپرفسفات تریپل و کود شیمیایی (200 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن از منبع اوره+ 100 کیلوگرم فسفات از منبع سوپرفسفات تریپل) بود.
یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش حاکی از این بود که بیشترین مقدار نیتروژن دانه (64/2 درصد) در تیمار 3 تن کود مرغی در هکتار + 25 درصد کود شیمیایی در دانه ذرت مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین مقدار فسفر (54/0 درصد) و آهن (89/335 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) نیز در دانه ارزن و تیمار 3 تن در هکتار کود مرغی + 25 درصد کود شیمیایی مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقادیر مس و منگنز دانه در ارزن مشاهده گرید. اعمال کود شیمیایی در گیاه ارزن موجب افزایش 20 درصدی کلسیم دانه در مقایسه با دانه ارزن در همین تیمار گردید. بیشترین غلظت سدیم دانه در تیمار کاربرد منفرد کود شیمیایی (32/1 درصد) بود. تیمارهای کود تلفیقی ( 3تن در هکتار کود مرغی + 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن از منبع اوره + 25 کیلوگرم فسفات از منبع سوپر فسفات تریپل) منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار بیشتر عناصر غذایی در گیاهان مورد مطالعه گردید.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بیشترین اثر مثبت را بر کیفیت دانه گیاهان ذرت، سورگوم و ارزن داشتند و در بیشتر صفات تفاوت معنی­داری با مصرف جداگانه کودهای شیمیایی و آلی داشت. کاربرد تلفیقی کودها و استفاده از کودهای آلی علاوه بر کاهش قابل توجه مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و به تبع آن اثرات سوء زیست محیطی آن­ها در راستای تحقق اهداف کشاورزی پایدار، می‌تواند به کیفیت دانه قابل قبولی منجر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of grain quality of Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor and Pennisetum glaucum plants under the influence of different levels of chicken manure and chemical fertilizers in Dehgolan Plain

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sara Darabi 1
  • Gholamreza Heidari 1
  • Payman Salami 2
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
2 Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: In recent years, the high cost of chemical fertilizers in recommended amounts and environmental pollution resulting from the use of synthetic chemicals have limited the use of these fertilizers and have led to an increase in the demand for organic fertilizers. The use of organic fertilizers, in addition to providing plants with sufficient amounts of nitrogen and other required nutrients, also helps to reduce environmental pollution. Also, the release of elements in these fertilizers is gradual, and the plant has access to nutrients throughout the growth period. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the nutrient content of the grains of three plants: Pennisetum glaucum (Nutrifeed variety), Zea mays (Single Cross 260), and Sorghum bicolor (Speedfeed variety) under the influence of combined levels of chicken manure and chemical fertilizers, with the aim of reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and improving the quality of the grains.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted in the 2023 crop year in a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the University of Kurdistan Research Farm located in the Dehgolan plain. The main factor of the experiment included three species of pearl millet (Nutrifed variety), sorghum (Speedfeed variety), and maize (Single Cross 260), and the fertilization systems as sub-factor including control, four tons per hectare of chicken manure, 3 tons per hectare of chicken manure + 50 kg per hectare of nitrogen fertilizer from the urea source + 25 kg of phosphate from the triple superphosphate source, 2 tons per hectare of chicken manure + 100 kg per hectare of nitrogen fertilizer from the urea source + 50 kg of phosphate from the triple superphosphate source, and complete chemical fertilizer (200 kg per hectare of nitrogen fertilizer from the urea source + 100 kg of phosphate from the triple superphosphate source).
Results: The results of the study indicated that the highest amount of grain nitrogen (2.64%) was observed in the treatment of three tons of chicken manure per hectare + 25% chemical fertilizer in maize grains. Also, the highest amount of phosphorus (0.54%) and iron (335.89 mg/kg) was observed in millet grains and the treatment of 3 tons of chicken manure per hectare + 25% chemical fertilizer. The highest amounts of copper and manganese in the grain were observed in millet grains. Applying chemical fertilizer to millet plants caused a 20% increase in grain calcium compared to millet plants in the same treatment. The highest concentration of grain sodium was in the treatment of single application of chemical fertilizer (1.32%). Combined fertilizer treatments (3 tons per hectare of chicken manure + 100 kg per hectare of nitrogen fertilizer from urea source + 25 kg of phosphate from triple superphosphate source) resulted in a significant increase in most of the nutrients in the studied plants.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the integrated application of organic and chemical fertilizers had the most significant positive effect on the grain quality of maize, sorghum, and millet. For most traits, these treatments showed a statistically significant difference compared to the sole application of chemical or organic fertilizers. Beyond significantly a reduction in the application of chemical fertilizer consumption and consequently mitigating their adverse environmental impacts, this integrated approach aligns with the goals of sustainable agriculture and achieving acceptable grain quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pennisetum glaucum
  • Organic manure
  • Compound fertilizer
  • Nitrogen

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