اثر ترکیبات ضد تعرق کائولین و فولویک اسید بر برخی صفات کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

10.22126/cbb.2026.13548.1133

چکیده

مقدمه: تغییرات اقلیمی و پیامد آن بر عملکرد محصولات زراعی، به یکی از چالش‌های مهم زیست محیطی تبدیل شد است. خشکسالی، به‌عنوان یک تنش غیرزیستی، با ایجاد اختلال در فرآیندهای کلیدی مولکولی، بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی، بطور قابل توجهی پتانسیل عملکرد و رشد گیاه را تضعیف می‌کند. در دنیای امروز استفاده از ترکیبات آنتی‌تعرق (ضد تعرق) به‌عنوان راهکاری برای کاهش اثرات سوء ناشی از تنش‌های محیطی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی اثرات تنش خشکی بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه کینوا و همچنین محلول‌پاشی مواد آنتی‌تعرق در مراحل مختلف رشد جهت کاهش اثرات تنش طراحی و اجرا گردید.
مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه در قالب دو آزمایش جداگانه به‌صورت مزرعه‎ای و گلدانی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه کردستان در دو سال (1400 و 1401) به صورت کشت بهاره (در خرداد ماه) انجام شد. این آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار پیاده شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل چهار سطح تنش خشکی شامل 1) آبیاری کامل گیاه در طول دوره رشد، 2) اعمال کم آبیاری به میزان 50 درصد در مرحله رویشی گیاه (تنش رویشی)، 3) اعمال کم آبیاری به میزان 50 درصد در مرحله زایشی گیاه (تنش زایشی) و 4) اعمال کم آبیاری به میزان 50 درصد در کل دوره رشد گیاه (تنش کامل) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و تیمارهای محلول‎پاشی مواد ضدتعرق شامل 1) شاهد (محلول‎پاشی با آب)، 2) کائولین 5 درصد، 3) کائولین 5/2 درصد و 4) اسید فولویک 5 گرم در لیتر به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظرگرفته شد. صفات ارتفاع، عملکرد بیولوژیک، وزن هزار‌ دانه، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، کارایی مصرف آب، طول ریشه و وزن خشک ریشه اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: تنش خشکی باعث کاهش در تمامی صفات عملکردی و رشد ریشه شد که بیانگر محدودیت در ظرفیت فیزیولوژیک و اختلال در تعادل منبع و مخزن بود. در شرایط تنش، فولویک اسید و کائولین هر دو سبب تعدیل پاسخ‌ها شدند اما از مسیرهای متفاوتی عمل کردند؛ فولویک اسید با تحریک رشد و حفظ وضعیت آبی بافت‌ها، موجب بهبود کارایی مصرف آب شد، در حالی که کائولین با کاهش تبخیر سطحی و حفظ پایداری ساختاری، بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه (28/2 گرم) و عملکرد بیولوژیک را فراهم کرد. ارتباط بین وزن خشک ریشه و عملکرد دانه نشان داد که حفظ ساختار ریشه نقش کلیدی در تداوم تولید تحت شرایط خشکی دارد. در نهایت، نتایج حاکی از آن است که پاسخ کینوا به تنش به سازوکارهای تنظیمی تیمارها وابسته است؛ به‌طوری که فولویک اسید با ارتقای سازگاری فیزیولوژیک و کائولین با تقویت پایداری ساختاری، به بهبود بهره‌وری و تحمل خشکی کمک می‌کند.
نتیجه‌گیری: ترکیب یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که استفاده هدفمند از این دو ترکیب آنتی‎تعرق می‌تواند مکانیسم‌های فیزیولوژیک و ساختاری گیاه را در برابر تنش خشکی هماهنگ کرده و به پایداری عملکرد در شرایط کم‌آبی منجر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Kaolin and Fulvic Acid Antitranspirant Compounds on Some Traits of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) under Drought Stress Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Adel Mafakheri 1
  • Adel Siosemardeh 1
  • Isa Maroufpoor 2
  • Farzad Hosseinpanahi 1
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran.
2 Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Climate change and its impact on crop productivity have become one of the most significant environmental challenges. Drought, as an abiotic stress factor, can substantially disrupt plant molecular, biochemical, and physiological processes, affecting growth and yield. In today’s world, the use of antitranspirant substances to reduce the negative effects of various environmental stresses has been proposed. This experiment was designed with the aim of investigating the effects of drought stress on quinoa growth and yield, as well as the impact of antitranspirant foliar application during the growth and development period. These methods were employed to reduce the effects of drought stress.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted in two separate field and pot experiments at the research farm of Kurdistan University over two years (2021 and 2022) with spring planting (in June). The experiment was designed as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The investigated factors included four levels of drought stress: 1) full irrigation throughout the growth period, 2) 50% water deficit during the vegetative stage (vegetative stress), 3) 50% water deficit during the reproductive stage (reproductive stress), and 4) 50% water deficit throughout the entire growth period (full stress) as the main factor. The foliar application treatments included: 1) control (water spray), 2) 5% kaolin, 3) 2.5% kaolin, and 4) 5 g/L fulvic acid as the sub-factor. The traits of plant height, biological yield, thousand‑grain weight, grain yield, harvest index, water use efficiency, root length, and root dry weight were measured.
Results: Drought stress resulted in a reduction in all growth and performance traits, indicating limitations in physiological capacity and disruption of the source-sink balance. Under stress conditions, both fulvic acid and kaolin modulated responses, but they acted through different pathways; fulvic acid improved water use efficiency by stimulating growth and maintaining tissue hydration, while kaolin provided the highest root dry weight (2.28 grams) and biological yield by reducing surface evaporation and preserving structural stability. The relationship between root dry weight and grain yield showed that maintaining root structure plays a crucial role in sustaining production under drought conditions. Ultimately, the results suggest that quinoa’s response to stress is depended on the regulatory mechanisms of the treatments, with fulvic acid enhancing physiological adaptability and kaolin strengthening structural stability, both contributing to improved productivity and drought tolerance.
Conclusion: The combined findings indicate that the targeted use of these two antitranspirant compounds can harmonize the plant’s physiological and structural mechanisms against drought stress, leading to yield stability under water-deficit conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain yield
  • Root length
  • Water use efficiency
  • Root dry weight
  • Harvest index

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