بررسی تنوع فنوتیپی و شناسایی لاین‌های برتر گندم نان در شرایط دیم با استفاده از روش‌های پیشرفته آماری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران.

10.22126/cbb.2026.13617.1135

چکیده

مقدمه: گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.) از کلیدی‌ترین غلات جهان بوده و تأمین امنیت غذایی به‌طور اساسی به آن وابسته است. در این راستا، افزایش پایدار عملکرد به‌ویژه در نظام‌های دیم و محیط‌های همراه با محدودیت، از اهداف محوری به‌نژادی این محصول به‌شمار می‌آید. ارزیابی تنوع ژنتیکی و گزینش لاین‌های مطلوب بر مبنای صفات مؤثر بر عملکرد، گام نخست در توسعه ارقام پرمحصول و سازگار محسوب می‌شود.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه، 50 لاین حاصل از تلاقی دو ژنوتیپ MX120-21 و MTESTIGOSBW، در قالب طرح آلفا لاتیس و در طی دو سال زراعی (1400-1401 و 1401-1402) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بایع‌کلا (شهرستان نکا) و در شرایط دیم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. صفات مورد اندازه‌گیری شامل تعداد روز تا سنبله‌دهی، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه بودند. تجزیه مرکب داده‌ها اثر معنی‌دار عوامل سال و اثر متقابل لاین × سال را برای تمامی صفات نشان داد. اثر لاین برای صفات ارتفاع بوته و وزن هزار دانه معنی‌دار گردید، اما برای صفات روز تا سنبله‌دهی، روز تا رسیدگی و عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار نبود. تحلیل داده‌ها با به‌کارگیری روش‌های تجزیه واریانس، همبستگی پیرسون، رسم نمودار رادار چارت و حرارتی، تحلیل خوشه‌ای، بای‌پلات ژنوتیپ-صفت و نیز مدل خطی مختلط مبتنی بر روش REML/BLUP انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها حاکی از اختلاف معنی‌دار بین لاین‌ها از لحاظ عملکرد دانه و سایر صفات مورفولوژیک بود که مؤید وجود تنوع ژنتیکی کافی در این جمعیت است. بررسی روابط بین صفات، وجود مکانیسم‌های جبرانی میان اجزای عملکرد و تأثیر بارز صفات فنولوژیک بر تغییرپذیری عملکرد در شرایط دیم را آشکار ساخت. کاربرد روش REML/BLUP نشان داد که سهم واریانس ژنتیکی در کنترل صفت عملکرد غالب است و دقت بالایی در برآورد ارزش‌های ژنتیکی حقیقی وجود دارد. این امر زمینه را برای شناسایی لاین‌های دارای پتانسیل ژنتیکی برتر فراهم کرد. در مجموع، نتایج تحقیق حاضر بیانگر آن است که ادغام روش‌های گرافیکی چندصفته و مدل‌های آماری پیشرفته، چارچوبی مؤثر برای گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های برتر و افزایش پایداری عملکرد گندم در شرایط دیم ارائه می‌دهد.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌ها، تلفیق روش‌های گرافیکی و مدل‌های آماری پیشرفته، راهکاری مؤثر برای گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های برتر و افزایش پایداری عملکرد گندم در شرایط دیم شناخته شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Phenotypic Diversity and Identification of Superior Bread Wheat Lines under Rainfed Conditions Using Advanced Statistical Methods

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sina Ghanbari
  • Gholamreza yahyaei
Department of Crop and Horticultural Science Research, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's key cereal crops, playing a fundamental role in ensuring food security. In this context, achieving sustainable yield increases, especially in rainfed and stressed environments, is a primary objective of wheat breeding programs. Assessing genetic diversity and selecting superior lines based on yield-related traits are essential first steps in developing high-yielding and adapted cultivars.
Materials and methods: In this study, 50 lines derived from a cross between MX120-21 and MTESTIGOSBW were evaluated. The experiment was conducted using an alpha-lattice design over two growing seasons (2021-2022 and 2022-2023) at the Baie'kola Agricultural Research Station in Neka, under rainfed conditions. Traits measured included days to heading, plant height, days to physiological maturity, thousand-kernel weight, and grain yield. The combined analysis of the data showed significant effects of year and the line × year interaction for all traits. The line effect was significant for plant height and thousand-grain weight, but was not significant for days to heading, days to maturity, and grain yield. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, radar and heatmap charts, cluster analysis, genotype-by-trait (GT) biplot, and the mixed linear model based on the REML/BLUP method.
Results: The results indicated significant differences among the lines for grain yield and other morphological traits, confirming substantial genetic diversity within the studied population. Analysis of trait relationships revealed the existence of compensatory mechanisms among yield components and the prominent influence of phenological traits on yield variability under rainfed conditions. The application of the REML/BLUP method demonstrated the predominant share of genetic variance in controlling grain yield and the high accuracy in estimating true genotypic values. This enabled the identification of lines with superior genetic potential. Overall, the findings of this research indicate that integrating multi-trait graphical methods with advanced statistical models provides an effective framework for selecting superior genotypes and enhancing yield stability of wheat under rainfed conditions.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, the integration of graphical methods and advanced statistical models was identified as an effective strategy for selecting superior genotypes and improving yield stability of wheat under rainfed conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genotype-by-trait biplot
  • Grain yield
  • Heatmap
  • Phenotypic diversity

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