Ahmadi, M., Zare, M. J., & Emam, Y. 2019. Study of quantitative and qualitative traits of bread wheat by using of Cycocel, Zinc sulfate and bio-fertilizer application under dry land farming. Plant Ecophysiology, 11, 148-161. [(In Persian with English Abstract)].
Aiqing, Z., Zhang, L., Ning, P., Chen, Q., Wang, B., Zhang, F., Yang, X., & Zhang, Y. 2022. Zinc in cereal grains: Concentration, distribution, speciation, bioavailability, and barriers to transport from roots to grains in wheat. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 62, 7917-7928. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1920883
Avnee, S, Chaudhary, D. R., Jhorar, P., & Rana, R. S. 2023. Biofortification: an approach to eradicate micronutrient deficiency. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1233070. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1233070
Cakmak, I. 2008. Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: agronomic or genetic biofortification? Plant and Soil, 302, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9466-3
Cerning, J., & Guilbot, A. 1973. Changes in the carbohydrate composition during development and maturation of the wheat and barley kernel. Cereal Chemistry, 50, 220-232.
Du, Y., Zhao, Q., Chen, L., Yao, X., Zhang, W., Zhang, B., & Xie. F. 2020. Effect of drought stress on sugar metabolism in leaves and roots of soybean seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 146, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.003
Ghanem, H. E., Hamza, D. A., Zain El-Abdeen, A. A., Elbatrawy, W. S., & El-Habashy, H. M. 2025. Influence of zinc foliar spray on growth, some important physiological processes, yield and yield attributes of bread wheat under water stress. Scientific Reports, 15, 14943. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94728-1
Gonzalez, D., Almendros, P., Obrador, A., & Alvarez, J. M. 2019. Zinc application in conjunction with urea as a fertilization strategy for improving both nitrogen use efficiency and the zinc biofortification of barley. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 99, 4445-4451. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9681
Gupta, N., Ram, H., & Kumar, B. 2016. Mechanism of zinc absorption in plants: uptake, transport, translocation and accumulation. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio-Technology, 15, 89-109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-016-9390-1
Haghparast, R., Rajabi, R., Roustaii, M., & Aghaee Sarbarzeh, M. 2013. Rijaw, A new bread wheat cultivar for rainfed and supplemental irrigation in moderate cold regions of Iran. Seed and Plant Journal, 29, 401-403. https://doi.org/10.22092/spij.2017.111166
Hodge, J. E., Hofreiter, B. T., Whistler, R. L., & Be-Miller, J. N. 1962. Methods in carbohydrate chemistry. New York Academic Press.
Hui, X., Luo, L., Chen, Y. 2025. Zinc agronomic biofortification in wheat and its drivers: a global meta-analysis. Nature Communications, 16, 3913. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58397-
Hui, X., Luo, L., Chen, Y., & Wang Z. 2024. Assessment of manganese accumulation in dryland wheat grains via plastic film mulching: Implications for human health risk in multi-site studies. Science of The Total Environment, 955, 176990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176990
Jenner, C. F., & Rathjen, A. J. 1975. Factors regulating the accumulation of starch in ripening wheat grain. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2, 11-322.
Jones Jr, J.B., & Case, V. W. 1990. Sampling, handling and analyzing plant tissue samples. (3th ed.). SSSA, Madison WI.
Li-na, J., Jing-li, A. M., Xiao-jie, W., Gang-gang, L., Zhao-long, Q. I., Chen-yang, Z., Ling-fang, Z., Chun-xi, L., Zhi-min, W., & Bao-zhen, H. 2022. Grain zinc and iron concentrations of Chinese wheat landraces and cultivars and their responses to foliar micronutrient applications. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 21, 532-541
Lineback, D. R., & Rasper, V. F. 1988. Wheat carbohydrates, in wheat chemistry and technology. American Association of Cereal Chemists.
Lowe, N. M.; Hall, A. G., Broadley, M. R., Foley, J., Boy, E., & Bhutta, Z. A. 2024. Preventing and controlling zinc deficiency across the life course: A call to action. Advances in Nutrition, 15, 100181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100181
Lv, X., Han, J., Liao, Y., & Liu, Y. 2017. Effect of phosphorus and potassium foliage application post-anthesis on grain filling and hormonal changes of wheat. Field Crops Research, 214, 83-93 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.09.001
Lyu, X., Liu, Y., Li, N., Ku, L., Hou, Y., & Wen, X. 2022. Foliar applications of various nitrogen (N) forms to winter wheat affect grain protein accumulation and quality via N metabolism and remobilization The Crop Journal, 10, 1165-1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2021.10.009
Priyashantha, H., Kurukulasuriya, M. S., Ranadheera, C. S. Jayarathna, S., & Vidanarachchi J. K. 2025. Biofortification as a sustainable solution to combat micronutrient malnutrition in the global south with a focus on Sri Lanka: potential, challenges, and policy implications. Discover Food, 5, 126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00381-y
Ren, J., Li, H., Yao, C., Zhang, Z., Wang, Z., Zhao, Z., Sun, Z., Zhang, X., & Zhang, Y. 2025. Coordinating yield and quality formation of wheat through post-anthesis nitrogen spraying. Crop and Environment, 4, 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2024.12.004
Sadat Hasheminasa, K., Shahbazi, K., Marzi, M, Zare, A., Yeganeh, M., Bazargan, K., & Kharazmi, R. 2023. A study on wheat grain zinc, iron, copper, and manganese concentrations and their relationship with grain yield in major wheat production areas of Iran. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 14, 100913
Sharma, B. D., Singh, Y., & Singh, B. 1988. Effect of time of application on the effectiveness of zinc sulphate and zinc oxide as sources of zinc for wheat. Fertilizer Research, 17, 147-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01050275
Varga, B., & Svečnjak Z. 2006. The effect of late-season urea spraying on grain yield and quality of winter wheat cultivars under low and high basal nitrogen fertilization. Field Crops Research, 96, 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2005.06.001
Wang, S., Zhang, X., Liu, K., Fei, P., Chen, J., Li, X., Ning, P., Chen, Y., Shi, J., & Tian, X. 2019. Improving zinc concentration and bioavailability of wheat grain through combined foliar applications of zinc and pesticides. Agronomy Journal, 111, 1478-1487. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2018.09.0597
Wessells, K. R., & Brown K. H. 2012. Estimating the global prevalence of zinc deficiency: results based on zinc availability in national food supplies and the prevalence of stunting. PLOS ONE, 7, e50568. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050568
Yang, X. W., X. H. Tian, X. C. Lu, Y. X. Cao, & Chen, A. H. 2011. Impacts of phosphorus and zinc levels on phosphorus and zinc nutrition and phytic acid concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91, 2322-2328. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4459
Yemm, E. W., & Willis, A. U. 1954. The estimation of carbohydrates in plant extracts by anthrone. Biochemical Journal, 57, 508-514.
Zarae, M. J. 2023. Effect of foliar application of Zinc and exogenous application of proline on yield and grain Zn and P content in a wheat durum cultivar Saji under drought stress condition. Cereal Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2, 269-287. https://doi.org/10.22126/cbb.2024.9987.1061
Zarea, M. J. 2025a. Effect of foliar application of Azospirillum brasilense and zinc sulfate on the grain-filling process of rainfed wheat. Iran Agricultural Research, 43, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.22099/iar.2024.50169.1595
Zarea, M. J. 2025b. Foliar application of Azospirillum brasilense, salicylic acid and zinc on wheat performance under rain–fed condition. Cereal research communications, 53, 1073-1090. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00570-y
Zarea, M.J., & Karimi, N. 2023. Zinc-regulated P5CS and sucrose transporters SUT1B expression to enhance drought stress tolerance in wheat. The Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 42, 5831-5841. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-10968-3