نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.
2 استاد، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction: In arid and semi-arid regions, the availability of essential nutrients like zinc in soil is severely limited, leading to low concentrations of this crucial micronutrient in wheat grains. This poses a significant challenge, as cereals are a staple food source for people in developing countries, making zinc deficiency a widespread issue affecting a large portion of the global population. Foliar application of zinc is a widely adopted method to boost zinc concentration in grains. However, there is limited information on its combined use with urea fertilizer and its application at various stages of wheat growth. This study investigates the impact of foliar application of zinc, both alone and in combination with urea fertilizer, at different stages of wheat growth on nutrient concentration and total soluble sugars in wheat grains.
Materials and methods: The field experiment was carried out during the 2024-2025 crop year under rainfed conditions. A 3% (W/V) solution of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (3 kg/ha) was applied alone or with 3% urea (30 kg/ha) at a foliar spray volume of 1000 liters/ha. The study employed a randomized complete block design with three replications. Foliar sprays were applied at four growth stages: stem elongation, booting, flowering, and milk stage. Measurements of grain yield and the concentration of zinc, iron, and manganese in wheat straw and grain were taken at maturity. In a controlled pot experiment, the impact of micronutrient zinc and zinc + urea foliar sprays on total soluble sugar and sucrose levels was examined at two intervals, 14 and 21 days post-flowering, under rainfed conditions.
Results: The foliar application of zinc sulfate + urea at the booting stage notably increased grain yield compared to the control. The highest grain iron (Fe) concentration (33 mg/kg) was achieved with zinc + urea application at the booting stage. Zinc + urea application at flowering significantly enhanced grain zinc (Zn) concentration (25 mg/kg), increasing it by approximately 1.5 times compared to the control. Regardless of application timing, the zinc + urea combination had a greater effect on grain manganese content than zinc alone or the control. At flowering, this combination increased grain Mn concentration by 2.3 times compared to the control. Under pot conditions, applying zinc + urea at flowering increased sucrose and total soluble sugar concentrations in the grain.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the combined use of urea fertilizer with zinc sulfate in foliar sprays significantly enhances grain yield and nutrient concentration. The timing of application is crucial, with specific growth stages yielding better results. These findings highlight that foliar spraying of zinc nutrient and urea fertilizer can effectively increase the sucrose and total soluble sugars content of wheat grains. Implementing these practices could be a valuable strategy for improving wheat nutrition in regions with zinc-deficient soils.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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