ارزیابی اگرو-فیزیولوژیک و الگوی بیان فاکتور رونویسی Zm00001d043950 در ژنوتیپ‌های متمایز ذرت تحت تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

10.22126/cbb.2026.14324.1158

چکیده

مقدمه: شوری خاک یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های غیرزیستی محدودکننده تولید ذرت (Zea mays L.) در سراسر جهان، به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک محسوب می‌شود. ذرت به‌عنوان یک گیاه گلایکوفیت با مسیر فتوسنتزی C4، حساسیت نسبی تا متوسطی به شوری دارد و تنش شوری از طریق ایجاد تنش اسمزی، سمیت یونی و تنش اکسیداتیو، فرآیندهای رشد، فتوسنتز، هومئوستازی یونی و در نهایت عملکرد دانه را به‌شدت مختل می‌کند. از این رو، شناسایی سازوکارهای فیزیولوژیک و مولکولی مرتبط با تحمل به شوری، از اهمیت ویژه‌ای در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی برخوردار است. خانواده فاکتورهای رونویسی WRKY نقش کلیدی در تنظیم پاسخ‌های گیاه به تنش‌های محیطی ایفا می‌کنند و ژن Zm00001d043950 به‌عنوان یکی از اعضای این خانواده، ژنی کاندید مرتبط با تحمل به شوری شناسایی شده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی پاسخ‌های اگروفیزیولوژیک و بررسی الگوی بیان ژن Zm00001d043950 در دو لاین اینبرد ذرت با واکنش‌های متضاد به شوری (لاین متحمل P14L2 و لاین حساس MO17) انجام شد تا ارتباط بین پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیکی و تنظیم مولکولی این ژن در شرایط تنش شوری تبیین گردد.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه‌ای اجرا شد. گیاهان پس از استقرار تا مرحله هشت‌برگی، در دو سطح شوری شامل 2 (شاهد) و dS m⁻¹8 تیمار شدند و نمونه‌برداری از برگ‌ها در زمان‌های 12، 24 و 48 ساعت پس از اعمال تنش انجام گرفت. بیان نسبی ژن Zm00001d043950 پس از استخراج RNA، سنتز cDNA و انجام واکنش Real-Time PCR با روش ΔΔCt 2- و با استفاده از ژن Actin به‌عنوان ژن مرجع تعیین شد. علاوه بر این، شاخص‌های اگروفیزیولوژیک شامل شاخص کلروفیل (SPAD)، دمای کانوپی، نشت الکترولیت، روز تا رسیدگی، ماده خشک، عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که تنش شوری موجب کاهش معنی‌دار شاخص کلروفیل، ماده خشک، طول دوره رشد و افزایش دمای کانوپی و نشت الکترولیت در هر دو لاین شد، اما شدت این تغییرات به ژنوتیپ وابسته بود. تحت شرایط شوری dS m⁻¹8، لاین P14L2 با حفظ شاخص کلروفیل بالاتر (68/41 در برابر 17/29) و نشت الکترولیت کمتر (89/31 % در برابر 33/61%) و همچنین دوره رشد طولانی‌تر (33/83 در برابر 67/71 روز) نسبت به MO17، تحمل بیشتری به شوری نشان داد.
اگرچه عملکرد دانه دو لاین تحت تنش اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت، اما لاین حساس MO17 با برخورداری از تعداد ردیف دانه بیشتر در بلال، بخشی از کاهش عملکرد ناشی از افت وزن و ابعاد دانه را جبران کرد. تجزیه واریانس بیان ژن نشان داد که اثر زمان و برهم‌کنش زمان × لاین بر بیان Zm00001d043950 معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین سطح بیان این ژن در هر دو لاین 24 ساعت پس از اعمال تنش مشاهده شد، اما شدت القای بیان در لاین متحمل بیشتر بود و در 48 ساعت کاهش یافت که بیانگر پاسخ سریع و وابسته به زمان این ژن در مواجهه با شوری است.
نتیجه‌گیری: در مجموع، لاین P14L2 تحت تنش شوری وضعیت کلروفیل بالاتر و پاسخ فنولوژیک پایدارتری نسبت به MO17 نشان داد، در حالی‌که تفاوت معنی‌داری در وزن خشک بوته و عملکرد دانه مشاهده نشد. الگوی بیان گذرایZm00001d043950  با اوج بیان در 24 ساعت پس از اعمال تنش، مشارکت احتمالی این ژن را در پاسخ اولیه به شوری نشان داد. بنابراین،Zm00001d043950  می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک ژن کاندید مرتبط با تحمل شوری در ذرت مطرح باشد، هرچند تأیید کاربرد آن به‌عنوان نشانگر مولکولی به مطالعات تکمیلی نیاز دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Agro-Physiological Responses and Expression Profiling of the Transcription Factor Zm00001d043950 in Contrasting Maize Genotypes under Salinity Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gholnaz Taghizadeh
  • Reza Darvishzadeh
  • Hadi Alipour
  • Sanaz Khalifani
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Soil salinity is one of the most critical abiotic stresses limiting maize (Zea mays L.) production worldwide, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Maize as a C4 glycophyte with relative to moderate sensitivity to salinity faces significant challenges from salt-induced osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, and oxidative stress, which severely impair growth, photosynthesis, ion homeostasis, and ultimately grain yield. Understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance is therefore of great importance for breeding programs. The WRKY transcription factor family plays key regulatory roles in plant stress responses, and the Zm00001d043950 gene, a member of this family, has been identified as a candidate gene associated with salinity tolerance. This study aimed to evaluate the agro-physiological responses and investigate the expression pattern of Zm00001d043950 in two contrasting maize inbred lines (the tolerant line P14L2 and the sensitive line MO17) to elucidate the relationship between physiological responses and molecular regulation under salt stress.
Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications under greenhouse conditions. After establishment, plants were subjected to two salinity levels, including 2 (control) and 8 dS·m⁻¹, until the eight-leaf stage. Leaf sampling was performed at 12, 24, and 48 hours after stress application. The relative expression of the Zm00001d043950* gene was determined following RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and Real-Time PCR using the 2⁻ΔΔCt method, with the Actin gene serving as the internal reference. Additionally, agro-physiological indices including chlorophyll index (SPAD), canopy temperature (CT), electrolyte leakage (EL), days to maturity (DTM), dry matter, grain yield, and yield components were measured.
Results: The results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced the chlorophyll index, dry matter, and growth duration while increasing canopy temperature and electrolyte leakage in both lines; however, the magnitude of these responses was genotype-dependent. Under salinity at 8 dS m⁻¹, P14L2 exhibited greater salinity tolerance than MO17, as indicated by a higher chlorophyll index (41.68 vs. 29.17), lower electrolyte leakage (31.89% vs. 61.33%), and a longer growth duration (83.33 vs. 71.67 days). Although grain yield did not differ significantly between the two lines under stress, the sensitive MO17 line compensated for part of its yield reduction—caused by decreased kernel weight and dimensions—through a higher kernel row number per ear. Analysis of gene expression variance revealed that the effects of time and the time × line interaction on Zm00001d043950 expression were significant. The highest expression level of this gene was observed at 24 hours post-treatment in both lines; however, the induction intensity was greater in the tolerant line and decreased at 48 hours, indicating a rapid and time-dependent response of this gene to salinity.
Conclusion: P14L2 maintained higher chlorophyll levels and a more stable phenological response than MO17 under salinity stress, whereas no significant differences were observed in plant dry weight or grain yield. The transient expression pattern of Zm00001d043950, characterized by a peak at 24 h after stress imposition, suggests a potential role for this gene in the early response to salinity. Therefore, Zm00001d043950 may be considered a candidate gene associated with salinity tolerance in maize; however, further studies are required to validate its potential application as a molecular marker.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Maize
  • Salt stress
  • WRKY transcription factor
  • Gene expression
  • Agro-physiological traits

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