نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
پژوهشکده تحقیقات کشاورزی هستهای، کرج، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction: The use of seeds to create genetic mutation brings problems because the use of seeds increases the duration of the research, and the study of traits requires plant cultivation, making it impossible to test more than once a year. Another point is the presence of shimmer in mutant plants. Biotechnology techniques, especially tissue culture, solve these problems today. In this method, a repeatable and efficient regeneration system is needed to create mutations in rice plants to obtain fertile plants from the changed tissues.
Materials and methods: To determine the appropriate dose of mutation induction to create genetic changes in the callus tissue obtained from the mature and immature embryos of Nemat and Taram rice varieties, a factorial experiment was carried out within a completely randomized design using doses of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 Gy (GY) of Gamma radiation in four replications. For callus generation, MS medium with 0.5 mg/liter 2, 4-D and 1 mg/liter Kasein was suitable for both cultivars. Also, for the regeneration of calluses obtained from both types of embryos of the Tarom cultivar, MS base medium containing 4 mg/liter of BAP, 0.5 mg/liter of IAA, 0.5 mg/liter of NAA, and 5 mg/liter of Kasien were used. In the final stage, 30-day-old calluses were subjected to gamma radiation treatment with five doses of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 Gy. They were compared with the control treatment in the regeneration stage regarding moisture percentage, growth rate and regeneration percentage.
Results: After irradiation, the effect of variety on regeneration percentage, growth rate based on weight and callus diameter, the effect of embryo type on regeneration percentage and moisture percentage, the effect of radiation on all studied traits, the effect of variety × embryo only for regeneration percentage and moisture percentage, the effect of variety × radiation for all traits and the effect of embryo × radiation and cultivar × embryo × radiation were significant only for the percentage of reproduction. The LD50 obtained in Nemat and Tarom cultivars with mature embryos was related to doses of 26.78 and 41.83 Gray, respectively; with immature embryos, it was 14.55 and 35.30 Gray, respectively.
Conclusion: The difference in this experiment can not only be caused by genetic differences, but it can also be due to the difference in callus humidity and the effect of gamma rays.
کلیدواژهها [English]
Bagheri, L., Amiri-Khah, R., Noori, M., & Mozafari, K. 2017. Effect of gamma irradiation on growth and determine optimum dose in order to induce genetic variation in landrace rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Journal of Crop Breeding, 9(21), 130-138. [In Persian].
Farsi, M., & Bagheri, A. 2004. Principles of Plant Breeding. Jdm Press. [In Persian].
Bagheri, L., Mosleh, E., & Fatolahi, H. 2008. Using gamma rays to induce mutations in the somatic callus of rice (Oryza sativa). The Second National Congress on Nuclear Technology Application in Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences. Karaj, Iran. [In Persian].
Ahloowalia, B. S. 1997. In vitro radiation induced mutagenesis in potato. In: The impact of biotechnology in agriculture. Sangwan RS, Sangwan Noreel BS (Eds). Klumer Academic publisher, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 39-46. 10.1007/978-94-009-0587-0_4
Anonymous. 1995. Induced mutations and molecular techniques for crop improvement. Proc. FAO.IAEA symposium, Vienna 1995. IAEA, Vienna.
Arulbalachandran, D., Mullainathan, L., Karthigayan, S., Somasundaram, S. T., & Velu, S. 2010. Genetic variation in mutants of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) evaluated by RAPD Markers. Journal of Crop Sciences and Biotechnology, (1), 1-6.
Asencion, A. B. 1977. Mutation breeding manual. Proc. FAO.IAEA symposium, Vienna 1985. IAEA. 9201150776
Babaei, A. R. 2010. Radio sensivity studies of morpho-physiological characteristics in some Iranian rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.), In M1 generation. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5, 2124- 2130. 10.5897/AJAR10.234
Basri, M. 2005. Nuclear techniques used in agricultural research in turkey. Ankara nuclear agriculture and animal sciences research center. https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspxorig_q=RN:31000907
Bregitzer, P. 1992. Plant regeneration and callus type in barley: Effects of genotype and culture medium. Crop Science, 32, 1108-1112. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183X003200050007x
Bronzema, E. B. F., Redig, P., Oostveen, W. J. F., Onckelen, H. A., & Lammeren, A. A. M. 1996. Uptake and biochemical analysis of 2,4-D in cultured zygotic embryos of Zea mays L. Plant Physiology, 149, 363-371. 10.1016/s0176-1617(96)80135-0
Da Luz, V. K., de Oliveira, V. F., Maltzahn, L. E., & Venske, E. 2020. Mutation Breeding for Rice Grain Quality: Aspects, Considerations, and Promising Results. In: Costa de Oliveira, A., Pegoraro, C., Ebeling Viana, V. (eds) The Future of Rice Demand: Quality Beyond Productivity. Springer, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37510-2_15
Gasol, S. S., Das, A., Gopal, J., Minocha, J. L., Chopra, H. R., & Dhaliwal, H. S. 2001. In vitro induction of variability through radiation for late blight resistance and heat tolerance in potato. Plant breeding and genetics section. joint FAO.IAEA division international atomic energy agency wagramer strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1-8. https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/20181058
Gholami, A. A., & Tarinejad, A. 2018. Callus induction and regeneration of bread wheat cultivars from Different explants, Journal of Cell & Tissue, 9(1), 37-56.
Hagio, T., Ichiri, S. S., & Yamada, T. 2002. Efficient plant regeneration through morphogenesis in Japanese commercial variety of wheat, In Vitro Cell Development of Biology, 38, 1394-1396.
Lapade, A. G., Veluz, A. M. S., Marbella, L. J., Barrida, A. C., & Rama, M. G. 2002. Mutation breeding in vegetatively propagated crops in the Philippines. Philippine nuclear research institute. Commonwealth avenue, Diliman, Quezon City. 1- 10. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-0956-9_6
Leifert, C., Pryca, S., Lumsden, P. J., & Waites, W. M. 1992. Effect of medium acidity on growth and rooting of different plant species growing in vitro. Plant Cell Tissue Culture, 30, 171- 179. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00040019
Micke, A., Donini, B., & Maluszynski, M. 1991. Induced mutations for crop improvement. Gamma field symposia No.30. Inst. of radiation breeding, NIAR, MAFF, Japan, 1- 21. Corpus ID: 89223076
Monirul Islam. M., Mahatalat A., & Debabrata, M. 2005. In Vitro Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Seed Explants of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 1(1), 72- 75. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266456925
Novak, F. J. 1991. Plant tissue culture techniques for mutation breeding. Joint FAO. IAEA programme IAEA laboratories-seibersdorf, Austria Plant Breeding, 127- 132. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-90698-0_6
Omiya, H., & Ken, I. 2004. Improvement of crop productivity and mutation. Institute of radiation breeding NIAS Gamma field symposia number, 43 ISSN 0435-1096. https://openlibrary.org/books/OL17725516M/Improvement_of_crop_productivity_and_mutation
Pandey, S. K., Ramesh, B., & Gupta, P. K. S. 1994. study on effect on genotype and culture medium on callus formation and plant regeneration in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian Journal of Genetic, 54 (3), 293- 299.
Rashed, M., Abou Deif, M., Abdel Hady, A., & Fahmy, K. H. 2000. Effect of gamma irradiation on maize embryo culture regenerated plants. 8th. Conf. Agric. Dev. Res. Fac. Agric. Ain Shams Univ. Annal. Agriculture Science, 2, 765, 0570- 1783. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20043097457
Snustad, D. P., & Simmons, M. J. 2015. Principles of genetics. 130-138. https://books.google.com/books/about/Principles_of_Genetics.html?id=NBB0CgAAQBAJ
Soeranto, H., Sobrizal, I., & Manurung, S. 2002. Biotechnological approach in crop improvement by mutation breeding in Indonesia. Proceeding of the workshop on plant mutation breeding. 20-24 August 2001, Bangkok, Thailand, 56- 67. https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/20300524
Stadler, L. J. 1930. Some genetic effects of X-rays in plants. Heredity, 21, 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a103249
Sukekiyo, Y., & Kimura, Y. 1991. Somaclonal variation in protoplast-derived rice plants. Gamma Field Symposia No.30. Inst. of radiation breeding, NIAR, MAFF, Japan, 43- 58.
Yan, L., Li, X., & Wu, D. 2010. The comparison in tissue culture ability of mature embryo in different cultivars of rice, Agricultural Sciences in China, 840-846.
Yu, G., Wang, J., Miao, L., Xi, M., Wang, Q., & Wang, K. 2019. Optimization of mature embryo-based tissue culture and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in model grass Brachypodium distachyon, Internationl Journal of Molecular Science, 20(21), 5448.
Zhen, H. R. 2001. In vitro technique for selection of radiation induced mutants. Plant breeding and genetics section joint FAO.IAEA division international atomic energy agency wagramer strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria. IAEA-TECDOC-1227. XA0101549-ISVJ
)