واکنش جنین بالغ گندم دوروم به القاء کالوس و تنش شوری در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 سازمان نظام مهندسی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران و دانش‌آموخته رشته کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده

2 موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، معاونت سرارود، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

استفاده از کشت بافت‌های گیاهی از جمله کشت جنین یکی از راه‌های افزایش تنوع ژنتیکی برای تحمل تنش‌های محیطی از جمله تحمل شوری در گیاهان می‌باشد. در این بررسی واکنش ۲۰ ژنوتیپ گندم دوروم متنوع شامل لاین‌های اصلاحی، اکسشن‌های بومی و دو رقم شاهد زردک و ساجی به القاء تشکیل کالوس و باززایی گیاه از طریق کشت جنین بالغ و مقایسه پاسخ کالوس به شرایط تنش شوری مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. واکنش به شوری کالوس‌های حاصل از جنین‌های بالغ در محیط کشت موراشیک و اسکوگ حاوی مقادیر متفاوت کلرور سدیم (صفر، 4، 8، 12، 16 و 20 دسی زیمنس بر متر) به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل 6 ×20 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار بررسی شد. در مرحله القاء کالوس از جنین بالغ درصد القاء کالوس، سرعت رشد کالوس (میلیمتر قطر در روز)، رشد نسبی کالوس (بر اساس وزن تر)، سرعت رشد نسبی کالوس (بر اساس وزن تر) و در شرایط تنش صفات سرعت رشد کالوس (میلیمتر قطر در روز)، رشد نسبی کالوس (بر اساس وزن تر)، درصد کلروز کالوس و سرعت رشد نسبی کالوس (بر اساس وزن تر) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند نتایج تجزیه ضرایب همبستگی صفات مورد بررسی در شرایط القا کالوس نشان داد که صفت درصد القاء کالوس با سرعت رشد کالوس همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار در سطح احتمال 1% دارد. همچنین بین صفت رشد نسبی کالوس با صفت سرعت رشد نسبی کالوس همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال 5% مشاهده شد. در شرایط تنش شوری صفت رشد نسبی کالوس با صفات سرعت رشد نسبی کالوس همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار و با درصد کلروز کالوس همبستگی منفی و معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال 1% نشان داد. نتایج تجزیه خوشه‌ای بر اساس صفات اندازه‌گیری شده تحت تنش نشان داد که ژنوتیپ های 65-12-3-3 و 75-5-3-5 به همراه رقم بومی زردک در یک گروه تحت عنوان گروه ژنوتیپ های متحمل به شوری قرار گرفتند. بر اساس نتایج حاصل، رقم زردک و اکسشن‌‌های 65-12-3-3 و 75-5-3-5 بدلیل داشتن سرعت رشد نسبی و رشد نسبی کالوس بالا و داشتن درصد کلروزه پایین در محیط شوری به عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به شوری تحت شرایط درون شیشه‌ای شناسایی شدند. ژنوتیپ 25-25-1-5 دارای بیشترین واکنش به کشت جنین بالغ بود. نتایج بیانگر تنوع قابل‌توجهی برای توانایی القای کالوس در مواد ژنتیکی تحت شرایط تنش شوری بود که می‌تواند در برنامه اصلاحی گندم دوروم مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. روش غربالگری آزمایشگاهی برای تحمل به تنش شوری ژنوتیپ‌های گیاهی می‌تواند مسیر مناسبی برای توسعه لاین‌های متحمل به شوری در گندم دوروم فراهم نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of durum wheat mature embryo to callus induction and salt stress in vitro condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahasti Abbasi 1
  • Reza Mohammadi 2
1 1- Agricultural and Natural Resources Engineering Organization, Kermanshah, Iran, and MSc graduated in Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Sararood Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Using plant tissue culture, including embryo culture, is one of the ways to increase genetic diversity to withstand environmental stresses, including salinity tolerance in plants.
Materials and methods: In this study, the reaction of 20 different durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum Desf.) genotypes, including improved lines, native accessions, and two control cultivars, Zardak and Saji, were evaluated to the induction of callus formation and plant regeneration through mature embryo culture and comparison of callus response to salt stress condition. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used for the mature embryo culture of durum wheat. For assessment of genotypes to salt stress, growing morphogenic calli were exposed to different concentrations of NaCl (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 dSm-1) added to the culture medium. The response of genotypes to in vitro NaCl stress was analyzed as a 20 × 6 factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Comparison of genotypes for callus induction from mature embryos was based on callus induction frequency, relative fresh weight growth of callus (RFWG), relative growth rate (RGR) and callus growth rate. The relative fresh weight growth of callus (RFWG), relative growth rate (RGR), callus growth rate and necrosis percent of callus were used for salt stress.
Results: The analysis of the correlation coefficients of the investigated traits in the conditions of callus induction showed that the callus induction percentage has a positive and significant correlation (P<0.01) with the callus growth rate. A positive and significant correlation (P<0.05) was also observed between the relative callus growth and the relative callus growth rate. Under salinity stress, relative callus growth showed a positive and significant correlation (P<0.01) with callus relative growth rate and a negative and significant correlation with callus chlorosis percentage. The results cluster analysis showed that genotypes 65-12-3-3, 75-5-3-5 and Zardak were classified in the same group of tolerant salt stress genotypes. Based on the results, Zardak variety and accessions 65-12-3-3 and 75-5-3-5 due to high relative growth rate and relative growth of callus and low chlorosis percentage in the saline environment were identified as tolerant genotypes to salinity under in vitro conditions. Genotype 25-25-1-5 had the highest response to adult embryo culture. The results showed a significant variation in the ability to callus induction in the genetic material under salinity stress conditions, which can be used in the durum wheat breeding program. It could be suggested to evaluate genotypes in field conditions and study the relationships between traits in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusion: Selected cells and plants provide a tool to determine the mechanisms involved in salt stress tolerance. The laboratory screening method for tolerance to salinity stress of plant genotypes can provide a suitable path for developing salinity-tolerant lines in durum wheat.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Callus induction
  • durum wheat
  • embryo culture
  • salinity tolerance

مراجع

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