تجزیه ژنتیکی صفات مرتبط با برگ پرچم در جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) تحت شرایط نرمال و تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاوزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

2 بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

3 بخش تحقیقات دانه های روغنی، موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم، معاونت سرارود، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

4 بخش تحقیقات دانه های روغنی، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

5 دکتری اصلاح نباتات، بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

چکیده

مقدمه: جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) به‌عنوان چهارمین غله مهم در جهان شناخته می‌شود. تنش خشکی نیز یکی از عوامل اصلی کاهش رشد و عملکرد جو است و عملکرد دانه با ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی برگ پرچم به‌طور مستقیم ارتباط دارد.
مواد و روش‌ها: به‌منظور شناسایی نواحی ژنومی اصلی و اپیستاتیک و بررسی اثر متقابل آن‌ها با محیط برای صفات مورفولوژیک مرتبط با برگ پرچم از جمله طول، عرض، سطح و طول غلاف برگ پرچم، آزمایشی با 136 لاین دابل‌هاپلوئید جو به همراه والدین آن‌ها ‘Nure’ و  ‘Tremois’در قالب طرح آلفا لاتیس با دو تکرار تحت دو شرایط نرمال و تنش خشکی در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی زابل در سال زراعی 95-1394 اجرا شد. برای تجزیه QTL، نقشه ژنتیکی جمعیت مورد نظر شامل 543 نشانگر (DArT، SSR، SNP و AFLP) بود. در این مطالعه، تجزیه QTL تک ‌مکانی و دو مکانی به‌ترتیب با استفاده از روش‌های نقشه‌یابی فاصله­ای مرکب (CIM) و مدل ترکیبی بر اساس مکان­یابی فاصله­ای مرکب (MCIM) انجام گرفت.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس تجزیه تک مکانی، پنج QTL شامل سه QTL قوی Q1FLW-1H.SZ، Q1SHFLL-1H.NZ و Q2SHFLL-1H.NZ در فاصله‌های نشانگری bPb-6343-bPb-8081، bPb-1419-bPb-9180 و bPb-9108-bPb-6343 و دو QTL پیشنهادی روی کروموزوم‌های 1H و 5H برای صفات عرض برگ پرچم (FLW, cm) و طول غلاف برگ پرچم (SHFLL, cm) مشخص شدند. بر اساس تجزیه دو مکانی، هشت QTL افزایشی (M-QTL) و 15 جفت QTL اپستازی (E-QTL) برای صفات مختلف شناسایی شدند که در این بین، دو جفت QTL اپستازی برای صفت FLW، اثرات متقابل QTL در محیط معنی‌داری (AAEI) را نشان دادند. همهM-QTLهای شناسایی شده برای صفات مرتبط با برگ پرچم در دو محیط، بدون اثرات متقابل افزایشی × محیط(AEI) ، به‌عنوانQTLهای پایدار شناسایی شدند و بیشترین تعدادQTLهای پایدار مربوط به کروموزوم 1H بود. در این مطالعه، QTLهای مربوط به تحمل خشکی در همه کروموزوم‌های جو به‌جز کروموزوم 2H شناسایی شدند..
نتیجه‌گیری: اکثرQTL های مرتبط با صفات مورد بررسی در جمعیت Nure/Tremois در مطالعه حاضر قبلاً گزارش نشده‌اند و جدید هستند. QTLهای قوی و پایدار کنترل کننده صفات مرتبط با برگ پرچم در این مطالعه، همراه با نشانگرهای پیوسته به این QTLها، پس از تایید و اعتبارسنجی در شرایط محیطی و زمینه‌های ژنتیکی مختلف، می‌توانند در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی انتخاب به کمک نشانگر (MAS) و هرم‌سازی ژن برای ایجاد ارقام جو پر‌محصول و متحمل به خشکی مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. علاوه بر این، یافته‌های این پژوهش، درک روابط ژنتیکی بین صفات مرتبط با برگ پرچم را در سطح مولکولی تسریع می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Genetic dissection of flag-leaf related traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under normal and drought stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hazhir Beheshtizadeh 1
  • Barat Ali Fakheri 1
  • Reza Aghnoum 2
  • Nafiseh Mahdi Nezhad 1
  • Seyyed Saeid Pourdad 3
  • Bahram Masoudi 4
  • Sara Farokhzadeh 5
1 Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
2 Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran.
3 Oil Crops Research Department, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Sararood Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran.
4 Oil Crops Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
5 PhD of Plant Breeding, Field and Horticultural Crops Research Department, Fras Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is known as the fourth most important grain crop in the world. Drought stress is also one of the main factors that reduce the growth and yield of barley, and grain yield is directly related to the morphological characteristics of the flag leaf..
Materials and methods: In order to identify the main and epistatic genomic regions and investigate their interaction with the environment for morphological traits related to flag leaf, including length, width, area, and flag leaf sheath length, an experiment was conducted with 136 doubled haploid lines of barley along with their parents 'Nure' and 'Tremois' using an alpha lattice design with two replications under normal and drought stress conditions at the Zabol Agricultural Research Station, Iran, in 2015-16 growing season. The genetic map of the target population comprised 543 markers (including DArT, SSR, SNP, and AFLP markers) for the QTL analysis. In this study, single-locus and two-locus QTL analyses were performed using the composite interval mapping (CIM) and mixed-model based composite interval mapping (MCIM) methods, respectively.
Results: Based on a single-locus analysis, five QTLs were identified, including three putative QTLs, Q1FLW-1H.SZ, Q1SHFLL-1H.NZ and Q2SHFLL-1H.NZ at bPb-6343-bPb-8081, bPb-1419-bPb-9180, and bPb-9108-bPb-6343 marker intervals, and two suggestive QTLs, on chromosomes 1H and 5H for the traits of flag leaf width (FLW, cm) and flag leaf sheath length (SHFLL, cm). Based on a two-locus analysis, eight additive (M-QTL) QTLs and 15 pairs of epistatic effects (E-QTL) were detected for different traits, among which two pairs of epistatic QTLs for the FLW trait showed significant QTL × environment interactions (AAEI). All detected M-QTLs for flag-leaf-related traits across two environments, without additive × environment interactions (AEI), were identified as stable QTLs, and the highest number of stable QTLs was associated with chromosome 1H. In this study, drought stress-tolerant QTLs were identified in all barley chromosomes except chromosome 2H.
Conclusion: Most of the QTLs associated with the investigated traits in the Nure/Tremois population in the present study have not been reported previously and, therefore, are novel. The stable and putative QTLs controlling flag-leaf-related traits in this study, along with the markers linked to these QTLs, can be utilized in marker-assisted selection (MAS) and gene pyramiding breeding programs after confirmation and validation in different environmental conditions and genetic backgrounds to create high-yielding and drought-tolerant barley cultivars. Additionally, these findings will accelerate the understanding of the genetic relationships among spike-related traits at the molecular level.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Additive QTL
  • barley
  • drought tolerance
  • epistatic effects
  • QTL × environment interaction

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