غربال برترین ژنوتیپ‌‌های برنج حاصل از تلاقی برگشتی از لحاظ صفات زراعی در مقایسه با ارقام شاهد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور ، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی رشت ، ایران.

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان. رشت ، ایران.

3 مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: با توجه به رشد روز افزون جمعیت در دنیا، در ایران نیز همانند سایر کشورها افزایش عملکرد و بهبود صفات و ویژگی‌های ارقام بومی و اصلاح شده از مهم‌ترین برنامه‌های تحقیقاتی برنج محسوب می‌شود. از این رو انجام تلاقی بین ارقام بومی و اصلاح‌شده در راستای دست‌یابی به این هدف همواره در صدر فعالیت‌های به‌نژادگران می‌باشد. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی عملکرد رگه­های درون­زاد نوترکیب اصلاحی مختلفی که حاصل تلاقی برگشتی در سال­های گذشته می­باشد، انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: تحقیق حاضر به منظور ارزیابی 36 ژنوتیپ حاصل از تلاقی مستقیم و برگشتی ارقام بومی و اصلاح‌شده و چهار رقم شاهد منتخب (آنام، هاشمی، دم‌سیاه و حسن‌سرائی) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور در سال زراعی 1401 به انجام رسید. در این تحقیق صفات موفولوژیکی، فنولوژیکی و همچنین صفات مرتبط با عملکرد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. پس از ثبت داده­ها، تجزیه واریانس، مقایسه میانگین و تجزیه خوشه­ای پس از اطمینان از برقراری مفروضات تجزیه واریانس انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که بین ژنوتیپ­ها از لحاظ همه صفات مورد مطالعه به استثنای تعداد خوشه‌چه در خوشه در سطح احتمال یک درصد اختلاف معنی‌دار وجود دارد. این تفاوت­ها دلالت بر وجود تنوع ژنتیکی قابل توجه در مجموعه مورد مطالعه است که لازمه انجام گزینش در یک مجموعه است. بر اساس نتایج مقایسه میانگین ژنوتیپ BC3F4-38-13-1 (رگه 36) با میانگین 6689 کیلوگرم در هکتار در مقایسه با ارقام شاهد بومی، دارای برتری قابل توجهی از نظر عملکرد بود. همچنین از نظر پاکوتاهی و زودرسی که جز صفات مطلوب از دیدگاه به­نژادی هستند، کوتاه ترین ارتفاع بوته با میانگین 46/84 سانتی‌متر مربوط به ژنوتیپ BC3F4-15-11-4  (رگه 23) بود و ژنوتیپ‌های BC2F4-37-2-3 (رگه 30) وBC2F4-37-3-1 (رگه 31) با میانگین 102 و 101 روز، در مقایسه با رقم شاهد بومی، مانند دم­سیاه که دارای طولانی­ترین دوره رسیدگی (130 روز) بود، به طور معنی­داری زودرس‌تر بودند. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه خوشه­ای گروه سوم با تعداد 19 رگه، از نظر صفات مهم مثل تعداد دانه پر، طول خوشه، تعداد دانه کل، درصد باروری خوشه، و عملکرد دانه دارای میانگین­های بالاتر بودند و در مقابل کمترین تعداد دانه پوک را به خود اختصاص دادند. میانگین عملکرد این گروه 81/13 درصد بالاتر از میانگین کل محاسبه شد و 04/20 درصد میانگین تعداد دانه پوک کمتر داشتند. با توجه به برتری­های نسبی این گروه از لحاظ عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد، می­توان برترین ژنوتیپ­های این گروه را در آزمایش‌های معرفی رقم به‌عنوان رقم‌های کاندید جدید پرمحصول مورد بررسی قرار داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج، عملکرد تعدادی از رگه­های درونزاد نوترکیب‌های اصلاحی در مقایسه با ارقام شاهد به‌طور قابل توجهی بالاتر بود. پاکوتاهی رگه­ها و طول دوره رشد کوتاه، از دیگر مزایای این ژنوتیپ‌ها بود، که می‌توان آن‌ها را در آزمایش‌های معرفی رقم به‌عنوان رقم‌های کاندید جدید مورد بررسی قرار داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Screening of the best rice genotypes obtained from backcrossing for agronomic traits compared to control varieties

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roya Jamalzadeh 1
  • Atefeh Sabouri 2
  • Ali Akbar Ebadi 3
1 Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran.
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Rice Research Institute of Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Considering the increasing population growth worldwide, including in Iran, increasing the yield and improving the traits and characteristics of landrace and improved rice varieties are among the most important rice research programs. Crossbreeding between local and improved cultivars is a primary strategy employed by breeders to achieve these goals. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of different breeding lines that are the result of backcrossing in the previous years.
Materials and methods: An experiment was conducted with 36 rice genotypes derived from direct and backcrossing of landrace and improved cultivars, along with four selected control cultivars (Anam, Hashemi, Demsiah, and Hasansarai). The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block with three replications at the Rice Research Institute of Iran in Rasht during the 2022 cropping year. Sixteen morphological, phenological, and yield-related traits were evaluated. Data were recorded, and analysis of variance, mean comparison, and cluster analysis were performed after ensuring the assumptions of variance analysis tests were met.
Results: The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all studied traits, except for the number of spikelets per panicle at the 1% probability level. These differences indicate substantial genetic diversity within the studied collection, necessitating selection within the collection. Based on the mean comparison results, Genotype BC3F4-38-13-1 (line 36) demonstrated a significant yield advantage, averaging 6689 kg/ha compared to the landrace control cultivars. In terms of desirable traits such as short plant stature and early ripening, Genotype BC3F4-15-11-4 (line 23) had the shortest plant height, averaging 84.46 cm. Genotypes BC2F4-37-2 (line 30) and BC2F4-37-3-1 (line 31) exhibited early ripening, with average maturation periods of 102 and 101 days, respectively, significantly earlier than the local control variety Demsiah, which had the longest maturation period of 130 days. According to the cluster analysis results of the third group(includes 19 lines), this group exhibited the highest averages for key traits such as the number of filled grains per panicle, panicle length, Number of total grains, panicle fertility percentage, and grain yield. Additionally, they had the lowest number of unfilled grains per panicle. The average yield of this group was calculated to be 13.81% higher than the overall average, with 20.04% fewer unfilled grains. Given the relative superiority of this group in terms of yield and yield components, the best genotypes from this group can be considered in variety introduction experiments as high-yielding new candidate varieties.
Conclusion: Based on the results, several breeding lines had significantly higher grain yield than the control varieties. Additionally, these genotypes exhibited short plant stature and early ripening, which are promising traits. These genotypes can be further investigated in trials to introduce them as new candidate varieties.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cluster analysis
  • Genetic diversity
  • Selection

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