نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)، داراب، ایران.
2 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)، داراب، ایران
3 بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)، داراب، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction: Breeding experiments originate from the examination of segregating generations as an important resource for generating genetic diversity and continue with the comparison of genotypes in preliminary and advanced performance trials. The superior lines need further testing under farmers' field conditions. Selected lines, alongside common cultivars in the region, are evaluated in performance comparison trials classified as On-Farm experiments. Conducting such trials demonstrates the superiority of new lines in terms of yield, disease resistance, early maturity, and lower water consumption outside research stations. Additionally, under farmers' conditions, it increases the familiarity of farmers, experts, and extension agents with the attributes and information related to new cultivars.
Materials and methods: This On-farm study aimed to compare the agronomic and nutritional traits of three promising bread wheat lines (S-98-7, S-98-11, and S-98-22) with the local control Mehrgan in the warm region of Darab and Fasa during the 2022-2023 cropping year. The amount of seed used was based on 400 seeds per square meter, with each plot measuring 2000 square meters. The data collected included days to germination, spike emergence, physiological maturity, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per square meter, sensitivity to grain shattering, plant height, lodging, grain yield, thousand grain weight, and major plant diseases. To check the nutritional value, the qualitative characteristics of its bakery were analyzed.
Results: The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the number of days to physiological maturity among the tested genotypes. Based on results from Darab, Fasa, and the average of both trials, the line S-98-22 had the highest grain yield (10,066 kg/ha, 9,880 kg ha-1, and 9,943 kg ha-1, respectively). Based on the observations made, no incidence of leaf spot diseases such as Septoria leaf spot, bacterial strip, yellow rust, brown rust, or stem rust was observed in either region. Only 5% yellow rust was reported in the control variety in the Fasa trial, and 5% lodging in the control variety in the Darab trial. Ultimately, the SIIG selection index identified S-98-22 as the best line according to the evaluated traits. Additionally, concerning quality characteristics, line S-98-22 had the highest wet gluten content, gluten index, protein concentration, and suitable Zeleny sedimentation volume, indicating the best breadmaking quality. Other genotypes also fell within the range of those with acceptable bread quality.
Conclusion: Given its favorable agronomic traits, including early maturity, high grain yield, and drought tolerance at the end of the season, S-98-22 could be introduced as a new bread wheat variety for warm and dry regions.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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