اثر ماده ضد تعرق (آترازین) و کودهای زیستی بر عملکرد و خصوصیات بیوشیمیائی ارقام گندم در شرایط دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم آباد، ایران.

4 استادیار دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی یادگار امام شهر ری، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: تنش خشکی یکی از بحران‎های اصلی در سال‎های اخیر در ایران بوده است. در استان لرستان مشابه با سایر مناطق کشور، علاوه بر کاهش میزان بارندگی، توزیع و شدت نامناسب آن نیز سبب آسیب رساندن به محصولات زراعی از جمله گندم در شرایط دیم شده است. معرفی ارقام سازگار با شرایط دیم مناطق سرد توسعه یافته است، اما گزینش مناسبترین رقم برای هر منطقه باعث کمک به اقتصاد کشاورزان از طریق افزایش تولید می‎شود.
مواد و روش‌ها: به­منظور بررسی واکنش ارقام گندم دیم به ماده ضد تعرق و کودهای زیستی، آزمایشی به­صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دو سال زراعی 96-1395 و 97-1396 اجرا شد. فاکتور اول ارقام گندم (آذر 2، اوحدی و باران) در کرت‎های اصلی و ماده ضد تعرق (عدم کاربرد و کاربرد آترازین) و کود زیستی نیتروژنه (عدم کاربرد، کاربرد آزوسپریلیوم (Azospirillum brasilense)، کاربرد ازتوباکتر (Azotobacter chroococcum)) به­صورت فاکتوریل در کرت­های فرعی قرار گرفتند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات کاربرد کودهای زیستی و ماده ضد تعرق آترازین بر سه رقم گندم دیم بود.
یافته‌ها: در سال اول رقم اوحدی با کاربرد آترازین و ازتوباکتر، بیشترین عملکرد دانه (2420 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (7595 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را در بین ارقام مورد بررسی داشتند. در مقابل، رقم آذر 2 بدون کاربرد آترازین و با کاربرد ازتوباکتر، کمترین عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک (به­ترتیب 2000 و 7000 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را داشت. در سال دوم رقم باران با کاربرد آترازین و بدون استفاده از کود زیستی، بیشترین عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک (به­ترتیب 2765 و 8465 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را تولید کرد. در حالی که رقم آذر 2 بدون کاربرد آترازین و با کاربرد آزوسپریلیوم تلقیح شده، کمترین عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک (به­ترتیب 2083 و 7083 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را از خود نشان داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد کودهای زیستی منجر به افزایش میزان پروتئین دانه شد. از سوی دیگر، استفاده از ماده ضد تعرق آترازین، فعالیت آنزیم­های پراکسیداز و پلی­فنل­اکسیداز را در اندام هوایی کاهش داد. با توجه به این یافته­ها و شرایط آب و هوایی استان لرستان، کشت ارقام اوحدی و باران به­همراه کاربرد همزمان آترازین و کودهای زیستی پیشنهاد می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of antitranspirant (atrazine) and bio-fertilizers on yield and biochemical traits of wheat cultivars in rain fed condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • farnam nasiri 1
  • Marjan Diyanat 2
  • masoud rafiee 3
  • amin azadi 4
1 Ph.D Student, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate professor of Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant professor of Crop and Horticultural Science Research Departmen, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREO, Khorramabad, Iran.
4 Assistant professor of Islamic Azad University Yadegar Imam, Shahr Rey, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Drought has been a significant crisis in Iran in recent years. In Lorestan province, as in many other regions of the country, in addition to reducing the amount of rainfall, its inappropriate distribution and intensity also hurt the crops, including wheat, in rainy conditions. The introduction of cultivars adapted to the rainy conditions of cold regions is being developed, but choosing the most suitable cultivar for each region will help the economy of farmers in the region while increasing production.
Materials and methods: To investigate the response of rainfed wheat cultivars to anti-transpirant and biofertilizers, a split-factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications during two growing seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The first factor, wheat cultivars (Azar 2, Ohadi, and Baran), was assigned to main plots, and the anti-transpirant (application and non-application of atrazine) and nitrogen biofertilizers (non-application, application of Azospirillum brasilense, and application of Azotobacter chroococcum) were arranged factorially in subplots. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biofertilizer application and the anti-transpirant atrazine on three rainfed wheat cultivars.
Results: In the first year, the Ohadi cultivar with the application of atrazine and Azotobacter showed the highest grain yield (2420 kg ha-1) and biological yield (7595 kg ha-1) among the studied cultivars. In contrast, the Azar 2 cultivar without atrazine application but with Azotobacter application had the lowest grain yield and biological yield (2000 and 7000 kg ha-1, respectively). In the second year, the Baran cultivar with atrazine application and without biofertilizer application produced the highest grain yield and biological yield (2765 and 8465 kg ha-1, respectively). The Azar 2 cultivar, which was inoculated with Azospirillum without atrazine application, showed the lowest grain yield and biological yield (2083 and 7083 kg ha-1, respectively).
Conclusion: The results showed that the application of biofertilizers led to an increase in grain protein content. On the other hand, the use of the antitranspirant atrazine decreased the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes in the aerial parts. Considering these findings and the climatic conditions of Lorestan province, the cultivation of Ohadi and Baran cultivars, along with the simultaneous application of atrazine and biofertilizers, is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant.enzyme
  • Azospirillum
  • catalase
  • harvest index
  • proline
  • stress

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